Explanation of Dipole Moment in Pt(NH3)2Cl2

1. Definition of Dipole Moment:
The dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It is a vector quantity that points from the negative to the positive charge.

2. Dipole Moment in Pt(NH3)2Cl2:
In the complex molecule Pt(NH3)2Cl2, the central platinum atom is surrounded by two ammonia (NH3) ligands and two chloride (Cl) ligands. Both ammonia and chloride ligands are polar molecules with dipole moments.

3. Contribution of Ammonia Ligands:
The ammonia ligands in Pt(NH3)2Cl2 contribute significantly to the overall dipole moment of the molecule. The ammonia molecule has a dipole moment due to the difference in electronegativity between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms.

4. Direction of Dipole Moments:
In Pt(NH3)2Cl2, the dipole moments of the ammonia ligands point towards the central platinum atom. This results in a net dipole moment towards the center of the molecule.

5. Cancelation of Dipole Moments:
The dipole moments of the chloride ligands, on the other hand, point away from the central platinum atom. Due to their opposite orientation, they partially cancel out the dipole moments of the ammonia ligands.

6. Resultant Dipole Moment:
As a result, the dipole moment of Pt(NH3)2Cl2 is not zero but is reduced compared to the dipole moment that would be present if only the ammonia ligands were considered. The net dipole moment points towards the central platinum atom.
By considering the dipole moments of the ligands and their orientations in the Pt(NH3)2Cl2 molecule, we can understand the overall dipole moment of the complex.