Introduction:
Erik Erikson, a renowned developmental psychologist, proposed a theory of socio-emotional development that encompasses eight stages throughout an individual's lifespan.

Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy):
- The first stage occurs during infancy, where the primary task is to develop a sense of trust in the world and caregivers.
- Infants who receive consistent care and responsiveness from their caregivers tend to develop a sense of trust.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddlerhood):
- In toddlerhood, children begin to assert their independence and develop a sense of autonomy.
- If caregivers are overly restrictive or critical, children may develop shame and doubt about their abilities.

Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool):
- Preschool-aged children explore their environment and develop a sense of initiative.
- If children are made to feel guilty for their curiosity and exploration, they may develop a sense of guilt.

Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age):
- School-aged children focus on developing competence and mastering new skills.
- If children experience repeated failures or criticism, they may develop feelings of inferiority.

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence):
- Adolescents explore their sense of self and develop a coherent identity.
- They may experience role confusion if they struggle to establish a clear sense of self.

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood):
- Young adults seek close relationships and intimacy with others.
- Failure to establish meaningful relationships may lead to feelings of isolation.

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood):
- Middle-aged adults focus on contributing to society and future generations.
- Those who feel unproductive or stagnant may experience feelings of dissatisfaction.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood):
- In late adulthood, individuals reflect on their lives and accomplishments.
- Those who feel a sense of fulfillment develop ego integrity, while others may experience despair and regret.
Overall, Erikson's theory highlights the importance of socio-emotional development across the lifespan, emphasizing the impact of early experiences on later stages of development.