The inversion of configuration of optically active alkyl halides occurs ina)SN1nucleophilic substitution reactionb)SN2electrophilic substitution reactionc)SN2nucleophilic substitution reactiond)SN1electrophilic substitution reactionCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Because the nucleophile can't attack from front side due to repulsion so it attack from back side and 100% inversion take place

Answer

Because as we know that in sn2 reactions the nucleophilic attack and the removal of the leaving group occur simultaneously resulting in the inversion in configuration

Answer

Becz in SN2 there is back side attack. nucleophile attacks on the opp side as of halogen that s why there is inversion of configuration

Answer

The inversion of configuration of optically active alkyl halides occurs in a SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction.

SN2 Reaction:
- In SN2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular) reactions, a nucleophile attacks the carbon atom that is attached to the leaving group (halide) in a one-step process.
- This reaction occurs with a simultaneous breaking of the carbon-halogen bond and formation of the carbon-nucleophile bond.
- The nucleophile approaches the carbon atom from the backside of the leaving group, resulting in the inversion of configuration.

Explanation:
1. Optically Active Alkyl Halides:
- Optically active alkyl halides are compounds that contain a chiral carbon atom (carbon atom bonded to four different substituents) and a halogen atom.
- Chiral carbon atoms have non-superimposable mirror images, and they exist as two enantiomers.
- The configuration of a chiral carbon atom can be designated as either R or S based on the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules.

2. SN2 Reaction and Inversion of Configuration:
- In SN2 reactions, the nucleophile approaches the carbon atom from the backside of the leaving group.
- The nucleophile displaces the leaving group, resulting in the inversion of configuration at the chiral carbon atom.
- The incoming nucleophile takes the place of the leaving group, and the substituents attached to the chiral carbon are rearranged in a way that the configuration is inverted.
- This occurs because the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom in a way that the least steric hindrance is encountered, which is achieved by approaching from the backside of the leaving group.

3. Example:
- For example, consider the reaction between (S)-2-bromobutane and a nucleophile (Nu-).
- In the SN2 reaction, the nucleophile approaches the carbon atom from the backside of the bromine atom.
- The bromine atom leaves as a halide ion, and the nucleophile takes its place, resulting in the formation of (R)-2-butanol.
- The configuration at the chiral carbon is inverted from (S) to (R).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the inversion of configuration of optically active alkyl halides occurs in SN2 nucleophilic substitution reactions. The nucleophile attacks the carbon atom from the backside of the leaving group, resulting in the inversion of configuration at the chiral carbon atom.

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