IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 5 to 6 marks1.What do you understand by the word M...
1. Understanding Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization," is a historical region situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, primarily in present-day Iraq.
- **Important Centers**:
- Ur
- Babylon
- Assur
- Nineveh
2. Contributions of Mesopotamian Civilization
The Mesopotamian civilization made significant contributions that laid the foundation for modern society, including:
- **Writing System**: Development of cuneiform script.
- **Mathematics**: Introduction of a base-60 number system.
- **Law Codes**: Establishment of legal frameworks like Hammurabi’s Code.
- **Astronomy**: Early advancements in celestial observations.
3. Sacred Temple of Mesopotamia
The sacred temples, known as ziggurats, were monumental structures that served as religious centers.
- **Architecture**: Multi-tiered with terraces.
- **Purpose**: Dedicated to deities, used for worship and rituals.
- **Civic Role**: Centers for administration and commerce.
4. Hammurabi’s Code of Law
Hammurabi's Code is one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes.
- **Content**: 282 laws covering various aspects of daily life.
- **Principle**: "An eye for an eye" – emphasizing retributive justice.
- **Impact**: Established a legal framework that influenced future law systems.
5. Early Temples as Houses
The early temples resembled houses due to their functional design.
- **Purpose**: Served as dwelling places for gods.
- **Community Role**: Gatherings for rituals and social events.
6. Mesopotamian Seals
Mesopotamian seals were small carved stones used for various purposes.
- **Usage**: Mark ownership and authenticate documents.
- **Artistry**: Featured intricate designs and symbols.
7. Time Division of Mesopotamia
Mesopotamians had a sophisticated understanding of time.
- **Calendar**: Based on lunar cycles.
- **Hours and Minutes**: Innovations in dividing the day into 60 parts.
8. Value of City Life in Mesopotamia
City life was highly valued due to its economic and cultural advantages.
- **Community**: Cities fostered trade and social interactions.
- **Cultural Exchange**: Various cultures coexisted, enriching society.
9. Palace of Mari of King Zimritum
The palace of Mari was a grand structure reflecting the power of King Zimritum.
- **Architecture**: Featured intricate murals and spacious halls.
- **Function**: Served as a political and administrative center.
10. City State of Ur
Ur was one of the most prominent city-states in ancient Mesopotamia.
- **Significance**: A center of culture, trade, and religion.
- **Ziggurat**: Home to the famous ziggurat dedicated to the moon god.
11. Development of Mesopotamian Working
The development of labor in Mesopotamia was crucial for societal advancement.
- **Agriculture**: Irrigation techniques improved crop yields.
- **Trade**: Expansion of trade
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