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How do the different people who study about the history contribute to the study of?
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Contributions of Different Scholars to History
The study of history is enriched by various specialists, each offering unique perspectives and methodologies. Here’s how different scholars contribute to this essential field:
1. Archaeologists
- Explore physical remains such as artifacts, structures, and fossils.
- Help reconstruct past societies by providing tangible evidence of daily life, culture, and technology.
2. Historians
- Analyze written records, documents, and narratives from the past.
- Interpret events and their significance, helping us understand different viewpoints and experiences.
3. Anthropologists
- Study human societies, cultures, and their developments over time.
- Offer insights into social structures, belief systems, and cultural practices that shape human history.
4. Geographers
- Examine how geography influences historical events and societal development.
- Analyze the impact of environment on cultures, trade routes, and migrations.
5. Economists
- Investigate the economic factors that drive historical events.
- Help understand trade, resource distribution, and economic systems throughout history.
6. Politicians and Political Scientists
- Explore the evolution of governance, power dynamics, and political movements.
- Provide context for how political decisions shape historical outcomes.
7. Sociologists
- Study social relationships, institutions, and hierarchies over time.
- Analyze how societal changes influence historical developments.
Each of these disciplines contributes to a comprehensive understanding of history, enabling us to learn from the past and apply that knowledge to present and future challenges.
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History History is a chronological account of events as they took place in the past.➢ Why should we study History?We should study history as it tells us about our past.Archaeological SiteIt gives us an understanding of our ancient culture and lifestyle.It helps us to solve the problems of the present-day world.➢ Time Frames of HistoryHistorians use a chronological sequence for a better understanding. The birth of Jesus Christ has been taken as year zero.Any event before Christ is called Before Christ (BC) and any event after the birth of Jesus is called Anno Domini (AD).The timeline of history is divided into three stages: (i) Prehistory(ii) Protohistory(iii) HistoryQuestion 1:All dates before the birth of Christ are counted backwards and usually have the lettersa.ACb.ADc.BCd.BD➢ Where did People Live?People lived near river valleys. This was because rivers provided water for all purposes.Traces of life were found near Sulaiman and Kirtar hills in North West.Traces of life even existed along Ganga. Mahajanapadas like Magadha, Kashi, Vajji, etc., flourished 2500 years ago.The Himalayan mountain has acted as a natural barrier between India and Central Asia for ages.The places where rice was first grown are to the north of the Vindhyas.➢ How was the name India derived?Our country is called India and Bharat.Bharat was used by the people of North India in the Sanskrit composition Rigveda.The word Indus traces its roots from the river Indus which is called Sindhu in Sanskrit.➢ How do we know about the past?Archaeologists and historians study several sources to tell us about the past. There are two sources - archaeological and literary.Archaeology: The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of physical remains.Inscriptions: Inscriptions are writings on relatively hard surfaces such as stone or metal. In the past, when kings wanted their orders inscribed so that people could see, read and obey them, they used inscriptions for this purpose.InscriptionArchaeologists use sources like monuments, artefacts, inscription and coins.Handwritten or any other written record of the past is known as a literary source.Literary sources include two types of literature - religious literature and secular literature.Manuscripts are books that were written long ago by hand. These were written on palm leaves or on the specially prepared bark of a tree known as the birch, which grows in the Himalayas. These books dealt with all kinds of subjects: religious beliefs and practices, the lives of kings, medicine and science.ManuscriptQuestion 2:Where were the manuscripts written?a.On palm leafb.On peepal leafc.On banana leafd.On tulsi leaf➢ Who studied sources of History?There were two groups of people who studied history. One was called archaeologist and the other group was called historians.Archaeologists studied the remains of buildings made of stones, bricks, paintings and sculptures.The other group called historians were the people who studied the past and used information found in inscriptions, seals and scripts.Question 3:They study about the remains of buildings made of stone and brick, paintings and sculpture. They explore to find tools, weapons, ornaments, and coinsa.Archaeologistb.Historiansc.Information officersd.Geologist Related: Chapter Notes - What, Where, How and When??

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