Alkaline earth metals show large size of the atoms. Therefore, they havea)low hydration enthalpiesb)low electopositivityc)low ionization enthalpiesd)low nuclear chargeCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

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Answer

My doubt is ionization energy and nuclear energy are directly proportional so ans can be c,d

Answer

Larger the size of the atom ,the electrons are loosely bounded to the nucleus and can be ejected out easily. Thus ionisation enthalpy (energy required to remove the outermost electrons ) is less.

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The ionization enthalpy of alkaline earth metals is more due to the large size atoms as we can remove the electrons easily from a large size atom to form a positive ion

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Atoms of alkaline earth metals show a large size due to their electronic configuration and the presence of additional energy shells. This large size has significant implications for the properties of these elements, including their hydration enthalpies, electropositivity, ionization enthalpies, and nuclear charge.

Large size leads to low hydration enthalpies:
- The hydration enthalpy refers to the energy released when an ion is hydrated, or combined with water molecules.
- The large size of alkaline earth metal atoms makes it more difficult for water molecules to surround and stabilize the ions.
- As a result, the hydration enthalpies of alkaline earth metals are relatively low compared to smaller atoms.

Large size leads to low electropositivity:
- Electropositivity refers to the tendency of an element to lose electrons and form positive ions.
- The large size of alkaline earth metal atoms results in weak attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons.
- This weak attraction makes it more difficult for alkaline earth metals to lose electrons and exhibit electropositive behavior, leading to low electropositivity.

Large size leads to low ionization enthalpies:
- Ionization enthalpy refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gas phase.
- The large size of alkaline earth metals means that the valence electrons are further from the nucleus and experience weaker attraction.
- As a result, it is easier to remove an electron from an alkaline earth metal atom, leading to low ionization enthalpies.

Large size leads to low nuclear charge:
- The nuclear charge refers to the positive charge of the nucleus in an atom.
- The large size of alkaline earth metal atoms is due to the presence of additional energy shells, which shield the valence electrons from the full nuclear charge.
- This reduced effective nuclear charge further contributes to the low electropositivity and low ionization enthalpies of alkaline earth metals.

In conclusion, the large size of alkaline earth metal atoms is responsible for their low hydration enthalpies, low electropositivity, low ionization enthalpies, and low nuclear charge. These properties are closely related to the electronic configuration and the shielding effect of additional energy shells.

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