Answer:

Gutters are channels or troughs that are used to collect and direct the flow of liquids. In the context of manufacturing processes, gutters are required to collect and remove excess material or fluids that are generated during the production process. Among the given options, the manufacturing process that requires the provision of gutters is closed die forging.

What is closed die forging?
Closed die forging, also known as impression-die forging, is a metal forming process in which a heated workpiece is placed between two dies. The dies have cavities that are shaped to the desired final shape of the forged part. The workpiece is then deformed and shaped under high pressure to fill the cavities and take the shape of the dies.

Why are gutters required in closed die forging?
During the closed die forging process, the metal workpiece is subjected to high pressure and deformation. This results in the generation of excess material, called flash, which is squeezed out between the dies. The flash needs to be removed from the dies and the forged part to obtain a final product with the desired shape and dimensions.

To facilitate the removal of flash, gutters are provided in the die design. These gutters are strategically placed to collect the excess material and direct it away from the working area. The gutters act as channels through which the flash flows, preventing it from interfering with the forging process and ensuring that it does not become trapped between the dies.

The gutters in closed die forging play a crucial role in maintaining the quality of the forged part. Without the provision of gutters, flash could accumulate and cause defects in the final product, such as incomplete filling of the die cavities, surface irregularities, or dimensional inaccuracies.

Therefore, closed die forging requires the provision of gutters to effectively remove flash and ensure the production of high-quality forged parts.