Introduction
The decrease in rainfall from east to west in the Northern Plains of India can be attributed to various geographical and climatic factors.
Geographical Factors
- Himalayan Barrier: The presence of the Himalayas in the north acts as a barrier, blocking the rain-laden winds from the southwest monsoon. This results in heavy rainfall in the eastern parts, while the western regions receive significantly less.
- Topography: The terrain of the Northern Plains is generally flat, but the elevation changes towards the west can further influence rainfall patterns.
Climatic Factors
- Monsoon Winds: The southwest monsoon winds bring moisture from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The eastern parts of the Northern Plains receive these winds first, leading to higher precipitation levels.
- Rain Shadow Effect: As the winds move westward, they lose moisture due to precipitation in the eastern regions, creating a rain shadow effect in the west, resulting in lower rainfall.
Distance from Water Bodies
- Proximity to Seas: The eastern parts are closer to the Bay of Bengal, which contributes to higher humidity and consequently more rainfall. As one moves westward, the distance from these water bodies increases, leading to drier conditions.
Conclusion
These factors combined create a significant gradient in rainfall from east to west in the Northern Plains, influencing agriculture, vegetation, and local climates in the region. Understanding this pattern is essential for effective resource management and agricultural planning.