1. Decarboxylation of Ethanoic Acid
- Ethanoic acid can undergo decarboxylation when treated with soda lime (NaOH + CaO).
- This reaction removes the carboxyl group, yielding methane and carbon dioxide, which can be further converted to benzene.
2. Reduction of Ethanoic Acid
- Ethanoic acid can be reduced using lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) to form ethanol.
- Ethanol can then be dehydrated to ethylene and subsequently converted to benzene through dehydrocyclization.
3. Halogenation and Dehydrohalogenation
- Ethanoic acid can be converted to bromoacetic acid using phosphorus tribromide (PBr3).
- This bromo compound can undergo elimination (dehydrohalogenation) to yield benzene.
4. Kolbe Electrolysis
- Electrolysis of sodium or potassium ethanoate produces benzene.
- The process generates radicals that couple to form benzene.
5. Fischer Indole Synthesis
- Ethanoic acid can be transformed into an indole derivative.
- Further cyclization of this derivative can yield benzene.
6. Catalytic Cracking
- Ethanoic acid can be subjected to catalytic cracking in the presence of zeolites.
- This process breaks down larger molecules and can yield benzene.
7. Aromatization of Alkanes
- Ethanoic acid can be converted to propane via reduction.
- Propane can be aromatized using a catalyst to form benzene.
8. Dehydration to Acetylene
- Ethanoic acid can be dehydrated to acetylene through elimination reactions.
- Acetylene can then be polymerized or cyclized to yield benzene.
9. Thermal Cracking
- Heating ethanoic acid to very high temperatures (thermal cracking) can yield various hydrocarbons.
- Benzene can be one of the products formed during this process.
10. Grignard Reagent Formation
- Ethanoic acid can react with magnesium to form a Grignard reagent.
- This Grignard compound can then be reacted with carbon dioxide and subsequently decarboxylated to yield benzene.