**The Period Between 1991-2003: The Golden Revolution**

The period between 1991-2003 is referred to as the Golden Revolution. This term is used to describe the significant reforms and advancements that took place in the agricultural sector in India during this time. These reforms aimed to modernize agriculture, increase productivity, and improve the overall economic conditions of farmers.

**1. Background:**

- Prior to the Golden Revolution, the Indian agricultural sector faced numerous challenges such as low productivity, inadequate infrastructure, outdated farming practices, and lack of access to credit and technology.
- These challenges led to low agricultural growth, farmer indebtedness, and a widening income gap between rural and urban areas.
- The need for agricultural reforms became evident, and the government initiated several measures to address these issues.

**2. Key Initiatives:**

- Liberalization of the Indian Economy: In 1991, the Indian government implemented economic reforms and liberalization policies, which had a significant impact on the agricultural sector.
- Technology Adoption: The Golden Revolution focused on the adoption of modern agricultural technologies to enhance productivity and efficiency. This included the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, advanced irrigation techniques, and mechanization of farming processes.
- Irrigation Development: The government invested in the construction of irrigation infrastructure and promoted the use of modern irrigation systems to ensure a consistent water supply for agriculture.
- Horticulture Development: The Golden Revolution also emphasized the development of horticulture crops such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers. This diversification helped in increasing farm incomes and reducing the dependence on traditional cereal crops.
- Dairy Development: Another important aspect of the Golden Revolution was the promotion of dairy farming. This included the establishment of milk cooperatives, improvement in dairy cattle breeds, and the adoption of scientific breeding and feeding practices.
- Agricultural Research and Extension: The government invested in agricultural research and extension services to provide farmers with the latest knowledge and technologies. This included setting up agricultural universities, research institutes, and extension centers across the country.

**3. Impact:**

- The Golden Revolution brought about significant changes in the Indian agricultural sector. It led to higher agricultural productivity, increased farm incomes, and improved living conditions for farmers.
- The adoption of modern technologies and practices resulted in a substantial increase in crop yields, leading to food self-sufficiency and reduced dependence on imports.
- The development of horticulture and dairy sectors created new income opportunities for farmers and generated employment in rural areas.
- The Golden Revolution also helped in reducing regional disparities in agricultural development and promoting sustainable farming practices.

In conclusion, the period between 1991-2003 is known as the Golden Revolution due to the transformative reforms and advancements in the Indian agricultural sector. These initiatives focused on modernizing agriculture, increasing productivity, and improving the economic conditions of farmers. The Golden Revolution brought about significant changes and had a positive impact on the Indian agricultural sector.

Because during this period there was tremendous increase in the productivity in horticulture i.e,fruits , vegetables,spices,etc.