Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition, caused by a deficiency in dietary protein. The extreme lack of protein causes an osmotic imbalance in the gastro-intestinal system causing swelling of the gut diagnosed as an edema or retention of water.

Diseases Caused by Protein Deficiency

Protein is an essential macronutrient that plays a vital role in the growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in the body. When there is a deficiency of protein in the diet, it can lead to various diseases and health complications. Here are some of the diseases caused by protein deficiency:

1. Kwashiorkor:
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that commonly affects young children. It occurs when there is a lack of protein in the diet, despite adequate calorie intake. Symptoms of Kwashiorkor include edema (swelling due to fluid retention), muscle wasting, fatigue, stunted growth, and a weakened immune system. The lack of protein leads to a decrease in albumin levels, which further contributes to the development of edema.

2. Marasmus:
Marasmus is another form of PEM that is caused by a deficiency of both protein and calories. It is often seen in infants who are not breastfed and are fed a diet lacking in nutrients. Marasmus results in severe wasting of muscle and fat, leading to extreme thinness. Common symptoms include severe weight loss, muscle and tissue wasting, weakened immune system, and growth retardation.

3. Edema:
Protein deficiency can also lead to generalized edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in the body tissues. This occurs due to the decrease in albumin levels, a protein responsible for maintaining fluid balance. Edema can cause swelling in the legs, ankles, and abdomen, as well as other complications such as difficulty breathing and impaired kidney function.

4. Impaired Growth and Development:
Protein is crucial for proper growth and development, especially in children. Insufficient protein intake can result in stunted growth, delayed development, and poor cognitive function. This is because protein is necessary for the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters that are essential for normal growth and function.

5. Weakened Immune System:
Protein plays a crucial role in strengthening the immune system by producing antibodies and immune cells. A deficiency of protein can weaken the immune system, making individuals more prone to infections, illnesses, and delayed wound healing.

In conclusion, protein deficiency can lead to severe health complications, including Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, edema, impaired growth and development, and a weakened immune system. It is important to ensure an adequate intake of high-quality protein sources in the diet to maintain optimal health and prevent these diseases.

Kwashiorkor