Which social groups emerged in the 18th century?a)Lawyersb)Administrative officialsc)Middle classd)All the aboveCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed as middle class, who earned their wealth through an expanding overseas trade and from the manufacturing of goods such as silk and woolen textiles that were either exported or purchased by the richer members of the society. The middle class was an educated class. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, this educated middle class also included professionals such as lawyers and administrative officials. They believed that no group in the society should be given privilege by birth. They believed that a person's social status should be based on merit only. These ideas were put forward by French Philosopher Rousseau. These ideas were discussed intensively in salons and coffee houses and spread awareness among people in the cities and towns of France. These ideas envisaged a society based on equality and freedom and opportunities for all and made the way smooth for the emergence of the middle class.

Answer

Middle class include lawyers and administrative officials also. And Middle class rose in 18th century.

Answer

D) option is correct as all of them emerged in 18th century, making an end to privileges.

Answer

In the 18th century, several social groups emerged that played significant roles in shaping the societies of that time. These groups include lawyers, administrative officials, and the middle class. Let's explore each of these social groups in detail:

1. Lawyers:
- Lawyers emerged as a distinct social group during the 18th century. They were educated professionals who specialized in legal matters and represented individuals in courts of law.
- With the growth of trade and commerce, the demand for legal services increased. Lawyers played crucial roles in resolving disputes, drafting contracts, and providing legal advice to individuals and businesses.
- The emergence of lawyers as a social group also reflected the growing importance of law and legal institutions in society. They became key players in the administration of justice and the development of legal systems.

2. Administrative Officials:
- In the 18th century, administrative officials became an influential social group. These officials were appointed by the state and played key roles in the administration of various governmental functions.
- The rise of centralized states and bureaucracies led to an increased demand for administrative officials. They were responsible for implementing policies, collecting taxes, maintaining law and order, and overseeing the functioning of government departments.
- Administrative officials were often drawn from the nobility or the upper classes, and their positions provided them with prestige and power. They were instrumental in shaping government policies and exerting control over the population.

3. Middle Class:
- The emergence and consolidation of the middle class is one of the most significant social developments of the 18th century.
- The middle class consisted of individuals who were neither nobles nor peasants. They were engaged in various occupations such as merchants, traders, professionals, and artisans.
- The growth of trade, commerce, and urbanization created opportunities for upward mobility, and individuals from lower social strata could become part of the middle class through economic success.
- The middle class played a crucial role in the economic development of societies. They were the driving force behind industrialization, entrepreneurship, and the expansion of markets.
- This social group also influenced cultural and political changes. The middle class values of individualism, rationality, and meritocracy began to challenge the traditional hierarchical order and paved the way for the ideas of the Enlightenment.

In conclusion, the 18th century witnessed the emergence of various social groups, including lawyers, administrative officials, and the middle class. These groups had distinct roles and influences in shaping the societies of that time, be it through the administration of justice, governance, or economic and cultural transformations.

Answer

(D)option is correct because in 18th century they all are educated but they have no birth right to take privileged and having no right to enjoy that clergy and nobality have.

Answer

Middle class

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