Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and t...
Assertion (A) Explained
- The statement "All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates" is True.
- Chordates are a broader phylum that includes all animals with a notochord, which is a flexible rod-like structure.
- Vertebrates are a subphylum of chordates characterized by having a backbone, but there are many chordates, like tunicates and lancelets, that do not have a backbone.
Reason (R) Explained
- The reason provided states that "the members of subphylum vertebrata possess notochord during the embryonic period; the notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in adults," which is also True.
- During embryonic development, vertebrates do indeed have a notochord, which is later replaced by the vertebral column (spine) in most adult vertebrates.
- This characteristic is a significant distinction between vertebrates and non-vertebrate chordates.
Relationship Between (A) and (R)
- Reason (R) explains the developmental aspect of vertebrates, highlighting the presence of the notochord in embryonic stages and its transformation into the vertebral column.
- Thus, it provides an essential clarification for Assertion (A), confirming that while all vertebrates are indeed chordates, not all chordates develop into vertebrates.
Conclusion
- Since both the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are true, and (R) accurately explains (A), the correct answer is option 'C': Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and t...
- (i) Assertion: True. All vertebrates belong to phylum Chordata because they show chordate features (for example, a notochord) at some stage. However, several chordates (such as urochordates and cephalochordates) are not vertebrates.
- (ii) Reason: True. In members of subphylum Vertebrata, a notochord is present in the embryo and is largely replaced by a segmented vertebral column made of cartilage or bone in adults.
- (iii) Justification: The reason explains why vertebrates are a subset of chordates — the developmental replacement of the notochord by a vertebral column is a defining feature that distinguishes vertebrates from non-vertebrate chordates. Hence (c) is correct.
Therefore, the correct answer is: (c) . Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).