Background of Robespierre
Maximilien Robespierre was a leading figure during the French Revolution, known for his role in the Committee of Public Safety. He advocated for the "Reign of Terror," a period marked by political purges and mass executions aimed at eliminating perceived enemies of the revolution.
Reasons for His Guillotining
- Political Isolation: By mid-1794, Robespierre had alienated many former allies and political factions, leading to a loss of support. His increasingly radical views and dictatorial behavior created fear among his peers.
- Excessive Use of Terror: Robespierre’s implementation of the Reign of Terror led to thousands of executions, including those of former revolutionaries. This extreme approach generated widespread discontent and panic among the populace and political leaders.
- The Law of 22 Prairial: This law expedited the trial and execution process, resulting in even more deaths. Many saw this as an abuse of power, intensifying the backlash against him.
- Fear of Personal Safety: As Robespierre continued to target various factions, influential members of the National Convention feared for their own lives. They perceived him as a threat that had to be eliminated.
The Coup of 9 Thermidor
- Arrest and Execution: On July 27, 1794 (9 Thermidor), Robespierre was arrested by the National Convention. He attempted to rally support but was ultimately overthrown. The next day, he was guillotined without trial.
- Legacy: Robespierre’s death marked the end of the Reign of Terror and a shift in the revolution towards moderation. His execution demonstrated the volatile nature of revolutionary politics and the dangers of radicalism.