Distillation:
Distillation is a process of separating the components of a mixture by heating it and then cooling the vaporized components. It is used to separate the components based on their boiling points. The mixture is heated until the component with the lowest boiling point vaporizes. The vapor is then condensed and collected as a separate liquid. The remaining liquid is then heated again until the component with the next lowest boiling point vaporizes, and the process is repeated until all of the components have been collected.

Fractional Distillation:
Fractional distillation is a process of separating the components of a mixture by heating it and then cooling the vaporized components. It is used to separate the components based on their boiling points, but it is a more precise and efficient method than simple distillation. Fractional distillation works by using a column with a series of trays or plates that allow the vapor to condense and re-evaporate multiple times, effectively separating the components into different fractions.

Differences:
The main differences between distillation and fractional distillation are:

- Fractional distillation is a more precise method than simple distillation because it uses a column with trays or plates to allow for multiple condensation and evaporation cycles.
- Fractional distillation is more efficient than simple distillation because it allows for a higher degree of separation between the components of a mixture.
- Fractional distillation is typically used for mixtures with closely spaced boiling points, while simple distillation is used for mixtures with larger differences in boiling points.

In summary, while both distillation and fractional distillation are methods for separating the components of a mixture based on their boiling points, fractional distillation is a more precise and efficient method that allows for a higher degree of separation between the components.

Hi, This is your answer for this question. Difference Between Fractional Distillation and Simple Distillation Boiling Point Fractional Distillation: Fractional distillation is used to separate liquids with closer boiling points. Simple Distillation: Simple distillation is used to separate liquids with boiling point gaps of at least 25 degrees.  Apparatus  Fractional Distillation: Fractional distillation uses a complex apparatus with a fractionating column. Simple Distillation: A simple apparatus with a flask to contain the mixture, a condenser and a flask to collect purified components is used. Repetition Fractional Distillation: The process has to be repeated several times to get the pure components. Simple Distillation: This is a one run process.  Separation of a Solvent from a Solute Fractional Distillation: This cannot be used to separate a solvent from a solute. Simple Distillation: This can be used to separate a solvent from a solute. Uses Fractional Distillation: This is used in crude oil refining.  Simple Distillation: This is used to purify sea water.