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Write the name of author and ideas expressed in it: 1:- Two treatise of Government. 2:- The spirit of the Laws 3:- The social contact.?
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Write the name of author and ideas expressed in it: 1:- Two treatise o...
1. Two Treatises of Government by John Locke

John Locke's Two Treatises of Government is a political philosophy book published in 1689. The book is divided into two parts, where the first part argues against the idea of absolute monarchy, and the second part outlines a theory of political power grounded in natural rights and contract theory.


  • Locke argues that the state of nature is a state of equality and freedom, where individuals have the right to life, liberty, and property.

  • He further argues that individuals enter into a social contract with each other to form a government, which is based on the consent of the governed.

  • The government's primary function is to protect the natural rights of individuals, and if it fails to do so, it can be overthrown.

  • Locke's ideas had a significant impact on the American Revolution and the development of democratic governments around the world.



2. The Spirit of the Laws by Montesquieu

Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws is a political treatise published in 1748. The book is divided into 31 books and covers a wide range of topics, including political theory, law, history, and anthropology.


  • Montesquieu argues that different forms of government are suitable for different types of societies, and that a government's effectiveness depends on its ability to adapt to its particular circumstances.

  • He also argues that the separation of powers is essential for preventing tyranny and ensuring the rule of law.

  • Montesquieu's ideas influenced the development of the United States Constitution and the French Revolution.



3. The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract is a political philosophy book published in 1762. The book is divided into four parts and outlines Rousseau's theory of the social contract.


  • Rousseau argues that individuals are born free, but that society's institutions, laws, and customs limit their freedom.

  • He further argues that individuals must surrender some of their freedom to the state, but only if the state acts in the common interest.

  • Rousseau also argues that democracy is the best form of government, where the people are sovereign.

  • The Social Contract had a significant impact on the French Revolution and the development of modern democratic theory.

Community Answer
Write the name of author and ideas expressed in it: 1:- Two treatise o...
John Locke was the author of Two treatise of government. He sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch.
Montesquieu was the author of The spirit of law. He proposed a division of power within the judiciary, legislative and executive.
Jean Jacques Rousseau was the author of The social contract. He put forward some democratic principles such as the equal voting right for all, etc,.
Hope this helps you.
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Question No. 47 to 52 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:In the past, peasants and workers had participated in revolts against increasing taxes and food scarcity.But they lacked the means and programmes to carry out full-scale measures that would bring about a change in the social and economic order. This was left to those groups within the third estate who had become prosperous and had access to education and new ideas. The eighteenth-century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed the middle class, who earned their wealth through expanding overseas trade and from the manufacture of goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or bought by the richer members of society. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included professions such as lawyers or administrative officials. All of these were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social position must depend on his merit. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.In his Two Treatises of Government, Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA after the thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain. The American constitution and its guarantee of individual rights was an important example for political thinkers in France.Q.Refuting the doctrine of divine and absolute right of the monarch was the main idea of ________ which was made public in his ________.

Question No. 47 to 52 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:In the past, peasants and workers had participated in revolts against increasing taxes and food scarcity.But they lacked the means and programmes to carry out full-scale measures that would bring about a change in the social and economic order. This was left to those groups within the third estate who had become prosperous and had access to education and new ideas. The eighteenth-century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed the middle class, who earned their wealth through expanding overseas trade and from the manufacture of goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or bought by the richer members of society. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included professions such as lawyers or administrative officials. All of these were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social position must depend on his merit. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.In his Two Treatises of Government, Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA after the thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain. The American constitution and its guarantee of individual rights was an important example for political thinkers in France.Q.Which social group emerged in France in the 18th century?

Question No. 47 to 52 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:In the past, peasants and workers had participated in revolts against increasing taxes and food scarcity.But they lacked the means and programmes to carry out full-scale measures that would bring about a change in the social and economic order. This was left to those groups within the third estate who had become prosperous and had access to education and new ideas. The eighteenth-century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed the middle class, who earned their wealth through expanding overseas trade and from the manufacture of goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or bought by the richer members of society. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included professions such as lawyers or administrative officials. All of these were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social position must depend on his merit. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.In his Two Treatises of Government, Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA after the thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain. The American constitution and its guarantee of individual rights was an important example for political thinkers in France.Q.Such a government should be formed which is based on a social contract between people and their representatives. Who propounded this idea?

Question No. 47 to 52 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:In the past, peasants and workers had participated in revolts against increasing taxes and food scarcity.But they lacked the means and programmes to carry out full-scale measures that would bring about a change in the social and economic order. This was left to those groups within the third estate who had become prosperous and had access to education and new ideas. The eighteenth-century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed the middle class, who earned their wealth through expanding overseas trade and from the manufacture of goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or bought by the richer members of society. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included professions such as lawyers or administrative officials. All of these were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social position must depend on his merit. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.In his Two Treatises of Government, Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA after the thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain. The American constitution and its guarantee of individual rights was an important example for political thinkers in France.Q.Besides merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included ________ and ________.

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Write the name of author and ideas expressed in it: 1:- Two treatise of Government. 2:- The spirit of the Laws 3:- The social contact.?
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