Nonbiodegradable materials do not decompose over a short period of time. Materials such as plastics, glass bottles and metals will often remain completely intact in the environment for many years. In fact, items like glass bottles may never biodegrade.

Leather shoes also will take very long time to degrade

glass bottles also degrade over a long period of time

unclear options..!!!

Non-biodegradable materials are substances that cannot be broken down or decomposed by natural processes, such as bacteria or fungi, over a relatively short period of time. They persist in the environment for a long time, causing pollution and harm to ecosystems. Among the options given, the correct answer is option 'D', which is a glass bottle.

Explanation:
Glass is a non-biodegradable material because it does not break down easily through natural processes. It is made from sand, soda ash, limestone, and other minerals, which are heated to high temperatures to form a solid, transparent material. Glass bottles are commonly used for packaging beverages and other products due to their durability and transparency. However, glass does not decompose like organic materials such as wood or paper.

Key Points:
- Glass is a non-biodegradable material.
- It is made from sand, soda ash, limestone, and other minerals.
- Glass bottles are commonly used for packaging beverages and other products.
- Glass does not decompose like organic materials.

Other options explained:
a) Leather shoes: Leather is a biodegradable material because it is made from animal hides or skins, which are organic in nature. Over time, leather products can decompose and break down naturally.
b) Cotton cloth: Cotton is also a biodegradable material as it is derived from the fibers of the cotton plant. It can easily decompose and be broken down by microorganisms in the environment.
c) Cardboard: Cardboard is a biodegradable material made from paper fibers. It can be broken down naturally by bacteria and other organisms, returning to the environment as organic matter.

In conclusion, out of the given options, the non-biodegradable material is the glass bottle (option D). It does not decompose naturally and can persist in the environment for a long time, contributing to pollution if not properly disposed of or recycled.