Shanshui literally means 'mountain water', which when used together represents the word 'landscape'. It reflects Daoist view of the universe which constitutes more than two elements of an image - Yang, the mountain, Yin - the water and the third element - middle void where the interaction of the mountain and water takes place.  

The Daoist View of the Universe

The chapter provides an insightful overview of the Daoist view of the universe, a perspective deeply rooted in ancient Chinese philosophy. Here are the key points that shed light on this perspective:

The Concept of Dao
- Dao is the fundamental concept in Daoism, representing the way or path of nature. It is described as the underlying force that governs the universe and encompasses all things.
- Dao is considered to be ineffable and transcendent, beyond human comprehension and language. It is often associated with characteristics like spontaneity, fluidity, and harmony.

The Unity of Opposites
- Daoists perceive the universe as a realm of constant change and transformation, where all phenomena are interconnected and interdependent.
- They emphasize the concept of yin and yang, representing the complementary and opposing forces within the universe. Yin is associated with darkness, passivity, and femininity, while yang represents light, activity, and masculinity.
- The Daoist view recognizes that these opposing forces are not separate entities but rather two aspects of a unified whole, constantly interacting and transforming.

The Natural Order
- Daoists believe in the intrinsic wisdom of nature and advocate for living in accordance with the natural order.
- They emphasize the importance of wu wei, which means "non-action" or "effortless action." It implies aligning oneself with the flow of Dao and not interfering or forcing outcomes.
- By embracing wu wei, individuals can attain harmony with the universe and experience a sense of peace and contentment.

The Role of Human Beings
- Daoists consider human beings to be an integral part of the universe, interconnected with all other beings and elements.
- They emphasize the importance of living in harmony with nature and cultivating a humble and modest attitude towards life.
- Daoists also advocate for simplicity and spontaneity, encouraging individuals to embrace their natural instincts and avoid excessive striving or desire.

In conclusion, the Daoist view of the universe revolves around the concept of Dao, the unity of opposites, the natural order, and the role of human beings. It encourages individuals to align themselves with the flow of nature, embrace simplicity, and find harmony within themselves and the world around them.

Daoism recognizes to contrasting but complementary elements in the universe namely 'Yang' and 'Yin'. Yang is active, masculine, stable, warm, and dry whereas 'Yin' is receptive feminine fluid most and cool