Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are connected by a light string which p...
Let m2 > m1.
Consider the masses m1 and m2, with forces Tension T in the string upwards and their weights downwards, acting on them. Both of these masses are moving with same acceleration a up (m1) or down (m2 as m2>m1), as the string is tight and has a uniform tension all along its length. This explanation is valid in the frame of reference of moving pulley with an acceleration g/2 upwards.
In the frame of reference of pulley, with an acceleration g/2 upwards, the two masses are having acceleration a and -a. To balance forces in this non-inertial frame, we need to add a fictitious force of m1 g/2 downwards on m1 and -m2 g/2 downwards on m2. Then we write free body diagrams and apply Newtons' laws.
T - (m1 g +m1 g/2) = m1 a => T - 3 m1*g/2 = m1 a
(m2 g +m2 g/2) - T = m2 a => 3 m2*g/2 - T = m2 a
Add the two equations to get
a = (3g/2) * (m2 - m1) / (m1 + m2)
then,
T = 3m1 g/2 + m1 a = 3 m1 m2 g / (m1 + m2)
In the inertial frame wrt a stationary person,
acceleration of the mass m1 = a1 = a + g / 2 upwards
a1 = g * (2 m2 - m1) / (m1 + m2) upwards
acceleration of mass m2 = a2 = a - g / 2 downwards
a2 = g * (m2 - 2 m1) / (m1 + m2) downwards
You can verify, by putting, m1=m2, then a = 0 in the frame of pulley, as both weights are same. But in the inertial frame, a1 = g/2, and a2 = -g/2 downwards or, g/2 upwards.