Cations and anions are both ions. The difference between a cation and an anion is the net electrical charge of the ion. Ions are atoms or molecules which have gained or lost one or more valence electrons giving the ion a net positive or negative charge.

Anions and Cations: Understanding the Basics
Anions and cations are fundamental concepts in chemistry, referring to charged particles known as ions.
What is a Cation?
- Cations are positively charged ions.
- They are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
- Common examples include:
- Sodium (Na⁺)
- Calcium (Ca²⁺)
- Cations are typically metals, and they play a crucial role in electrical conductivity and chemical reactions.
What is an Anion?
- Anions are negatively charged ions.
- They are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.
- Common examples include:
- Chloride (Cl⁻)
- Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)
- Anions are usually nonmetals and are essential in various biochemical and industrial processes.
Key Differences Between Cations and Anions
- Charge:
- Cations carry a positive charge.
- Anions carry a negative charge.
- Formation:
- Cations form by the loss of electrons.
- Anions form by the gain of electrons.
- Examples:
- Cations: Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺
- Anions: Cl⁻, OH⁻, PO₄³⁻
Conclusion
Understanding the distinction between anions and cations is crucial for grasping chemical reactions, as these charged particles interact to form compounds, influence electrical conductivity, and determine the properties of substances. Their behavior is central to the study of electrochemistry, acid-base chemistry, and numerous biological processes.

Anion are negetive ions
cations are positive ions