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What's defence bond?
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What's defence bond?
Defence Bonds: These are the debt securities issued by the government at the time of War. It is an emotional appeal by the government to the citizen of its country to lend government their money. These bonds offers rate of return below the market rate. 
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What's defence bond?
What is a Defense Bond?

Defense bonds, also known as war bonds or savings bonds, are financial instruments issued by governments to raise funds for defense and military purposes. These bonds are typically sold to the public and provide a way for individuals to contribute to the nation's defense efforts while also earning interest on their investment.

Key Points:
- Defense bonds are issued by governments to raise funds for defense and military purposes.
- They are also known as war bonds or savings bonds.
- These bonds are sold to the public and allow individuals to contribute to the nation's defense efforts.
- Defense bonds provide a way for individuals to invest their money while supporting their country's defense initiatives.
- The funds raised through the sale of defense bonds are typically used to finance military operations, purchase equipment, and support defense infrastructure.
- Defense bonds are considered a safe investment as they are backed by the government's commitment to national security.
- They often have a fixed interest rate and a predetermined maturity date, at which point the bondholder receives the principal amount plus any accrued interest.
- Defense bonds can be purchased directly from the government or through authorized financial institutions.
- They are often issued in different denominations, allowing individuals with various financial capabilities to invest.
- Defense bonds can be held until maturity or sold on secondary markets, providing liquidity to investors who wish to exit their investment before the bond's maturity date.

Conclusion:
Defense bonds are financial instruments issued by governments to raise funds for defense and military purposes. They provide individuals with an opportunity to invest in their country's defense efforts while earning interest on their investment. These bonds are considered safe investments and can be purchased directly from the government or through authorized financial institutions. The funds raised through the sale of defense bonds are used to support military operations and infrastructure. Investors can choose to hold the bonds until maturity or sell them on secondary markets for liquidity.
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The unanimous ruling of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), on Thursday, on the prevention of alleged acts of genocide against Rohingya Muslims has finally pinned legal responsibility on Myanmars government for the militarys large-scale excesses of 2017. The court has further emphasised that an estimated 600,000 Rohingya resident in Myanmar still remained highly vulnerable to attacks from the security forces. The ruling vindicates findings by the UN and human rights groups on the prevalence of hate speech, mass atrocities of rape and extra-judicial killings, and torching of villages in Myanmars Rakhine province, leading to the forced migration of thousands to Bangladesh. The ruling pertains to the Gambias suit on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), alleging that the brutalities by the defence services amounted to crimes of genocide under the 1948 Genocide Convention. Arguing the defence in person during the three-day public hearings last month, Ms. Suu Kyi, who was elected in 2016, insisted that the 2017 violence was proportionate to the threat of insurgency. She even questioned the Gambias standing to bring the suit, saying that there was no bilateral dispute.Rejecting the ICJs ruling, Myanmars Foreign Ministry has accused rights groups of presenting the Court with a distorted picture of the prevailing situation. In a statement, it defended the armys action as a legitimate response to violations of the law by the insurgent Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army. However, the above claim is at odds with the findings this week of an Independent Commission of Enquiry established by the government.The Commission acknowledged that war crimes had indeed been committed during the military campaign, when about 900 people were killed. But there was nothing to back the assertions of gang-rape, or evidence to presume any intent of genocide, it held. Although it could take years before the court pronounces the final verdict in the genocide case, Thursdays injunction is an important victory for the refugees languishing in Bangladeshi camps. It empowers the UN Security Council to prevail upon Myanmar to take appropriate measures for the rehabilitation and repatriation of displaced communities. As the biggest regional player, China could play a constructive role to ensure a speedy return to normalcy in its neighbourhood. India has its own interests in an amicable resolution of Myanmars internal dispute. Above all, finding closure to the current dispute would mark the completion of Myanmars return to civilian rule.Q. An act which causes death and is done with the intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such injury as is reasonably likely to lead to death, amounts to murder. Culpable homicide is not murder if it is committed without premeditation in a sudden fight in the heat of passion. A fight breaks out between fans of Calcutta Club Riders (CCR) and Punjab Maharajas Tigers (PMT) to decide which team is the second last in the tournament. A CCR fan smashes a bottle of beer on to a PMT fans face. The PMT fan, bleeding, takes the broken bottle and stabs the CCR fan, thereby killing him. What offence if any has been committed?

The unanimous ruling of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), on Thursday, on the prevention of alleged acts of genocide against Rohingya Muslims has finally pinned legal responsibility on Myanmars government for the militarys large-scale excesses of 2017. The court has further emphasised that an estimated 600,000 Rohingya resident in Myanmar still remained highly vulnerable to attacks from the security forces. The ruling vindicates findings by the UN and human rights groups on the prevalence of hate speech, mass atrocities of rape and extra-judicial killings, and torching of villages in Myanmars Rakhine province, leading to the forced migration of thousands to Bangladesh. The ruling pertains to the Gambias suit on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), alleging that the brutalities by the defence services amounted to crimes of genocide under the 1948 Genocide Convention. Arguing the defence in person during the three-day public hearings last month, Ms. Suu Kyi, who was elected in 2016, insisted that the 2017 violence was proportionate to the threat of insurgency. She even questioned the Gambias standing to bring the suit, saying that there was no bilateral dispute.Rejecting the ICJs ruling, Myanmars Foreign Ministry has accused rights groups of presenting the Court with a distorted picture of the prevailing situation. In a statement, it defended the armys action as a legitimate response to violations of the law by the insurgent Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army. However, the above claim is at odds with the findings this week of an Independent Commission of Enquiry established by the government.The Commission acknowledged that war crimes had indeed been committed during the military campaign, when about 900 people were killed. But there was nothing to back the assertions of gang-rape, or evidence to presume any intent of genocide, it held. Although it could take years before the court pronounces the final verdict in the genocide case, Thursdays injunction is an important victory for the refugees languishing in Bangladeshi camps. It empowers the UN Security Council to prevail upon Myanmar to take appropriate measures for the rehabilitation and repatriation of displaced communities. As the biggest regional player, China could play a constructive role to ensure a speedy return to normalcy in its neighbourhood. India has its own interests in an amicable resolution of Myanmars internal dispute. Above all, finding closure to the current dispute would mark the completion of Myanmars return to civilian rule.Q. Genocide means killing with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.Serbia was alleged to have attempted to exterminate the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on the authors reasoning in the passage above, decide the guilt of Serbia?

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