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When the same amount of zinc is treated separately with excess of sulphuric acid and excess of sodium hydroxide, the ratio of volumes of hydrogen evolved is
  • a)
    1 : 1
  • b)
    1 : 2
  • c)
    2 : 1
  • d)
     9 : 4 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid:
When zinc reacts with sulphuric acid, zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas are formed.

Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2↑

Reaction between zinc and sodium hydroxide:
When zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide, sodium zincate and hydrogen gas are formed.

Zn + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2↑

Explanation:
In both reactions, hydrogen gas is evolved. However, the ratio of volumes of hydrogen evolved will depend on the stoichiometry of the reactions.

Stoichiometry of the reactions:
1 mole of zinc reacts with 1 mole of sulphuric acid to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas.
1 mole of zinc reacts with 2 moles of sodium hydroxide to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas.

Volume ratio:
Since the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles, the volume ratio of hydrogen gas evolved in the two reactions will be the same as the mole ratio.

From the stoichiometry of the reactions, we can see that:
1 mole of zinc reacts with 1 mole of sulphuric acid to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas.
1 mole of zinc reacts with 2 moles of sodium hydroxide to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas.

Therefore, the volume ratio of hydrogen gas evolved in the two reactions is 1:1.

Conclusion:
When the same amount of zinc is treated separately with excess sulphuric acid and excess sodium hydroxide, the ratio of volumes of hydrogen evolved is 1:1.
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