Which of the elements with the following electronic configuration may exhibit the largest no. of oxidation states . 1) 3d2 4s2 2)3d3 4s2 3)3d5 4s1 4) 3d5 4s2 Why ?

Question

Answer

I think the answer should be (d), since it has maximum number of valence electron, which it can donate to have different types of valencies.. like +1, +2 and so on. Moreover, it can also gain some electrons so as to have -ve oxidation states.

Answer

4) 3d5 4 s2
kyoki 4s and 3d se electron nikal sakte hai isiliye +7 is the highest oxidation state

Answer

Introduction:
The number of oxidation states exhibited by an element depends on its electronic configuration. The electronic configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels or shells. The outermost energy level, known as the valence shell, is responsible for the element's chemical properties, including its ability to form oxidation states.

Analysis:
Let's analyze the given electronic configurations and determine which one can exhibit the largest number of oxidation states.

1) 3d2 4s2
2) 3d3 4s2
3) 3d5 4s1
4) 3d5 4s2

Explanation:
To determine the possible oxidation states, we need to examine the number of valence electrons in each electronic configuration. The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level (3d and 4s orbitals in this case).

1) 3d2 4s2:
The valence electrons are 2 electrons in the 4s orbital. Since the 3d orbital is not fully occupied, it does not contribute to the oxidation states. Therefore, this configuration can exhibit a maximum of 2 oxidation states.

2) 3d3 4s2:
The valence electrons are 3 electrons in the 3d orbital and 2 electrons in the 4s orbital. Since both orbitals are partially filled, this configuration can exhibit a maximum of 5 oxidation states. The 3d orbital can have oxidation states ranging from -3 to +3, and the 4s orbital can have oxidation states of -2 and +2.

3) 3d5 4s1:
The valence electrons are 5 electrons in the 3d orbital and 1 electron in the 4s orbital. This configuration can exhibit a maximum of 7 oxidation states. The 3d orbital can have oxidation states ranging from -3 to +3, and the 4s orbital can have oxidation states of -2 and +2.

4) 3d5 4s2:
The valence electrons are 5 electrons in the 3d orbital and 2 electrons in the 4s orbital. This configuration can exhibit a maximum of 7 oxidation states. The 3d orbital can have oxidation states ranging from -3 to +3, and the 4s orbital can have oxidation states of -2 and +2.

Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, electronic configurations 3) 3d5 4s1 and 4) 3d5 4s2 can exhibit the largest number of oxidation states, which is 7. These configurations have the highest number of valence electrons, allowing for a wider range of oxidation states.

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