Water is a very weak electrolyteSo it does not dissociate into its respective ions it's degree of dissociation is very less So a few drops of sulphuric acid are added to increase its dissociation

Why is sulphuric acid added to water during electrolysis?

Introduction:
During the process of electrolysis of water, which involves the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gas, a few drops of sulphuric acid are added to the water. This addition is crucial for the efficiency and effectiveness of the electrolysis process. Let's delve into the reasons why sulphuric acid is added to the water during electrolysis.

1. Enhancing conductivity:
The primary reason for adding sulphuric acid to water is to increase its conductivity. Pure water is a poor conductor of electricity due to its low concentration of ions. By adding sulphuric acid, which is a strong electrolyte, the concentration of ions in the solution increases significantly, thereby enhancing its conductivity. This allows for a more efficient flow of electric current through the water during electrolysis.

2. Facilitating ionization:
Sulphuric acid is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+) and sulphate ions (SO4²⁻). These ions facilitate the ionization of water molecules, making it easier for them to break down into hydrogen and oxygen gas. The presence of hydrogen ions from sulphuric acid promotes the formation of hydrogen gas at the cathode, while the oxygen gas is formed at the anode.

3. Preventing unwanted reactions:
During electrolysis, the formation of undesired reactions, such as the oxidation of the cathode or reduction of the anode, can occur. These reactions can lower the efficiency of the electrolysis process and hinder the production of desired gases. By adding sulphuric acid, the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution increases, which helps to suppress these unwanted reactions and ensure the desired products (hydrogen and oxygen gas) are formed.

4. Maintaining pH balance:
The addition of sulphuric acid also helps in maintaining the pH balance of the electrolyte solution. Electrolysis of water can lead to the accumulation of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) near the cathode, making the solution alkaline. The presence of sulphuric acid, which is a strong acid, neutralizes these hydroxide ions and maintains the pH of the solution near neutrality.

Conclusion:
In summary, the addition of sulphuric acid during the electrolysis of water serves multiple purposes. It enhances the conductivity of water, facilitates ionization of water molecules, prevents unwanted reactions, and helps maintain the pH balance of the solution. These factors collectively contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of the electrolysis process, ensuring the successful production of hydrogen and oxygen gas.