Sigma and Pi Bond
Sigma Bond
A sigma bond is formed when two atomic orbitals overlap end-to-end, with their electron clouds overlapping along the internuclear axis. It is the strongest type of covalent bond, with a bond energy higher than that of a pi bond.
Pi Bond
A pi bond is formed when two atomic orbitals overlap side-by-side, with their electron clouds overlapping above and below the internuclear axis. It is a weaker bond than a sigma bond.
P orbital Overlap
When two p-orbitals overlap, they form both a sigma and a pi bond.
Sigma Bond Formation
When two p-orbitals overlap end-to-end, they form a sigma bond. The electron density is concentrated along the internuclear axis, and the bond is strongest in this region.
Pi Bond Formation
When two p-orbitals overlap side-by-side, they form a pi bond. The electron density is concentrated in the region above and below the internuclear axis, and the bond is weaker in this region.
Conclusion
In conclusion, when p-orbitals overlap, they form both sigma and pi bonds. Sigma bonds are formed when the orbitals overlap end-to-end, while pi bonds are formed when the orbitals overlap side-by-side. These bonds are important in the formation of covalent compounds and play a crucial role in determining the physical and chemical properties of these compounds.