Orbital Contribution to Magnetic Moment in Tetrahedral Geometry

The magnetic moment arises due to the motion of the electrons in the orbitals. In tetrahedral geometry, the magnetic moment depends on the electronic configuration of the metal ion and its oxidation state. The orbitals which are involved in the hybridization process contribute to the magnetic moment.

Among the given sets of electronic configurations, the following set will have an orbital contribution to the magnetic moment:

(b) d3, d4, d7, and d9

Explanation:

In tetrahedral geometry, the d-orbitals of the metal ion undergo hybridization with the ligand orbitals to form hybrid orbitals. The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of ligands surrounding the metal ion. In tetrahedral geometry, the metal ion is surrounded by four ligands, which results in the formation of four hybrid orbitals.

The electron configuration of the metal ion determines the number of electrons in the d-orbitals. In the given set of electronic configurations, d3, d4, d7, and d9 have unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals, which contribute to the magnetic moment. The presence of unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals indicates that these orbitals are involved in the hybridization process with the ligand orbitals.

On the other hand, d1 and d6 have only one unpaired electron and no unpaired electron in the d-orbitals, respectively, which means that these orbitals are not involved in the hybridization process and do not contribute to the magnetic moment.

Similarly, d8 has all the d-orbitals filled, which means that there are no unpaired electrons to contribute to the magnetic moment.

Therefore, the set of electronic configurations that will have an orbital contribution to the magnetic moment in tetrahedral geometry is (b) d3, d4, d7, and d9.