The proportion of people in developing countries living in extreme economic poverty i.e. on less than $ 1 per day as defined by World Bank has fallen from 28% in 1990 to 21% in 2001. There has been a substantial reduction in global poverty, but it is marked with great regional differences (a) Poverty declined substantially in China and South Asian countries as a result of rapid economic growth and massive development.   (b) The number of poor in China has come down from 606 million 1981 to 212 million in 2001. (c) In the countries of South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan) the decline has not been so rapid, it has declined marginally from 475 million in 1981 to 428 million in 2001. (d) In the Sub Saharan Africa, poverty rose from 41% in 1981 to 46% in 2001. (e) In Latin America the ratio of poverty has remained the same. (f) Poverty has resurfaced in some of the former socialist countries like Russia, where it was non-existent earlier.         

Global Poverty Trends:

Global poverty refers to the lack of income and resources to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare. Over the years, there have been significant changes in global poverty trends. Let's delve into the details:

1. The Decline in Global Poverty:
- Global poverty has been on a downward trend in recent decades, with millions of people being lifted out of extreme poverty.
- According to the World Bank, the global extreme poverty rate fell to 9.2% in 2017, down from 36% in 1990.
- This decline can be attributed to economic growth, improved access to education, healthcare, and social safety nets in many countries.

2. Regional Disparities:
- While progress has been made, there are still significant regional disparities in poverty rates.
- Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest poverty rates, with over 40% of the population living in extreme poverty.
- South Asia also has a high poverty rate, but it has experienced considerable poverty reduction over the years.

3. Urbanization and Poverty:
- Urbanization has played a role in poverty reduction, as people migrate from rural areas to cities in search of better opportunities.
- However, urban poverty remains a significant challenge, especially in developing countries.
- Rapid urbanization often leads to slums, inadequate housing, and limited access to basic services for the urban poor.

4. Income Inequality:
- Income inequality is a key factor in global poverty trends.
- While overall poverty rates have declined, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened in many countries.
- High levels of inequality hinder poverty reduction efforts and can lead to social unrest.

5. Gender and Poverty:
- Women and girls are disproportionately affected by poverty.
- They often face limited access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, perpetuating the cycle of poverty.
- Empowering women and promoting gender equality are crucial in addressing global poverty.

6. Impact of COVID-19:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new challenges to global poverty reduction.
- Lockdowns, economic downturns, and disruptions in healthcare and education have pushed millions of people into extreme poverty.
- It is estimated that the pandemic could push an additional 88-115 million people into extreme poverty in 2020.

Conclusion:
While global poverty trends have shown overall improvement, there are still significant challenges to overcome. Efforts to reduce poverty must focus on addressing regional disparities, income inequality, gender disparities, and the impact of external shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. By implementing comprehensive strategies that promote sustainable economic growth, improve access to education and healthcare, and empower marginalized communities, we can continue to make progress in eradicating global poverty.

The proportion of people in developing countries living in extreme economic poverty i.e. on less than $1 per day as defined by World Bank has fallen from 28% in 1990 to 21% in 2001.     There has been a substantial reduction in global poverty, but it is marked with great regional differences     (a) Poverty declined substantially in China and South Asian countries as a result of rapid economic growth and massive development.
(b) The number of poor in China has come down from 606 million 1981 to 212 million in 2001.
(c) In the countries of South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan) the decline has not been so rapid, it has declined marginally from 475 million in 1981 to 428 million in 2001.
(d) In the Sub Saharan Africa, poverty rose from 41% in 1981 to 46% in 2001.
(e) In Latin America the ratio of poverty has remained the same.
(f) Poverty has resurfaced in some of the former socialist countries like Russia, where it was non-existent earlier.