The effect of exercises on the muscular system can be both short-term and long-term.

Short-term effects:
1. Increased blood flow: During exercise, the muscles require more oxygen and nutrients to function. This leads to increased blood flow to the muscles, which helps deliver the necessary resources for energy production and waste removal.
2. Increased muscle contraction: Regular exercise increases the strength and efficiency of muscle contractions. This results in improved muscle performance during activities such as lifting weights or running.
3. Increased temperature: Exercise raises the body temperature, which helps improve muscle elasticity and reduces the risk of muscle strains or injuries.
4. Improved coordination and balance: Exercise promotes the activation and coordination of different muscle groups, resulting in improved overall body coordination and balance.

Long-term effects:
1. Muscle growth and strength: Regular resistance training exercises, such as weightlifting, stimulate muscle growth by causing microscopic damage to muscle fibers. The body repairs and rebuilds these fibers, resulting in increased muscle size and strength over time.
2. Improved endurance: Regular cardiovascular exercises, such as running or cycling, improve the endurance of muscles. This is achieved by increasing the muscles' ability to use oxygen efficiently, improving their resistance to fatigue.
3. Increased bone density: Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking or jogging, stimulate the muscles to pull on the bones, which promotes bone growth and increases bone density over time.
4. Improved flexibility: Regular stretching exercises help improve muscle flexibility and joint range of motion. This reduces the risk of muscle imbalances and improves overall mobility.
5. Reduced risk of chronic diseases: Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of various chronic conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. These conditions can negatively impact the muscular system, and exercise helps mitigate their effects.

In summary, regular exercise has numerous beneficial effects on the muscular system, including increased blood flow, muscle contraction, temperature, coordination, muscle growth, strength, endurance, bone density, flexibility, and reduced risk of chronic diseases.