Layers of the Atmosphere

The Earth's atmosphere is composed of several distinct layers, each with its own unique characteristics. These layers are classified based on their temperature changes with increasing altitude. From the surface of the Earth to the outer space, the layers of the atmosphere are as follows:

Troposphere:
- The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to an average altitude of about 12 kilometers.
- It is the layer where weather phenomena, such as cloud formation, precipitation, and storms occur.
- The temperature decreases with increasing altitude in the troposphere.

Stratosphere:
- The stratosphere lies above the troposphere and extends from approximately 12 kilometers to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
- It contains the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.
- The temperature remains relatively constant or slightly increases with altitude in the stratosphere.

Mesosphere:
- Above the stratosphere, the mesosphere extends from about 50 kilometers to 85 kilometers.
- It is the layer where meteors burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere.
- The temperature decreases with altitude in the mesosphere, reaching extremely low levels.

Thermosphere:
- The thermosphere lies above the mesosphere and extends from approximately 85 kilometers to 600 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
- It is the layer where the International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth.
- The temperature in the thermosphere can reach thousands of degrees Celsius due to the absorption of high-energy solar radiation.

Exosphere:
- The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere, extending from the upper limit of the thermosphere to the edge of space.
- It gradually transitions into the vacuum of outer space.
- The exosphere is sparsely populated with gas molecules, and the temperature can vary greatly depending on solar activity.

Overall, the Earth's atmosphere is divided into these distinct layers that play crucial roles in weather patterns, climate regulation, and protection against harmful radiation. Each layer has its own unique characteristics and properties, which vary in terms of temperature, altitude, and composition. Understanding these layers helps us comprehend the complex dynamics of our atmosphere and how it interacts with the Earth's surface and space.

Troposphere