Pastoral farming:
Pastoral farming, also known as extensive farming or ranching, is a type of agricultural practice that involves raising animals on large open areas of land. It is primarily focused on the production of meat and other animal products. Pastoral farming is commonly found in areas with abundant natural grasslands or grazing areas.

Dairy farming:
Dairy farming, on the other hand, is a specialized form of agriculture that involves the production of milk and milk-based products. It primarily revolves around the rearing of dairy cattle for milk production. Dairy farming is typically practiced in regions with suitable climates and adequate resources for maintaining dairy cows.

Differences between pastoral farming and dairy farming:

1. Focus: Pastoral farming primarily aims to produce meat and other animal products, while dairy farming focuses on milk production.

2. Animals: In pastoral farming, a variety of animals like cattle, sheep, goats, and horses are raised for meat. In dairy farming, specific breeds of cattle, such as Holsteins or Jerseys, are reared for their high milk production.

3. Primary product: The main product of pastoral farming is meat, which is obtained by slaughtering the animals. In dairy farming, the primary product is milk, which is obtained through regular milking of the dairy cows.

4. Animal management: Pastoral farming involves extensive animal management, where animals are allowed to roam freely and graze on natural grasslands. In contrast, dairy farming requires more intensive animal management, including regular feeding, milking, and monitoring of the health and well-being of the cows.

5. Infrastructure: Pastoral farming typically requires less infrastructure, as the animals have ample space to graze and minimal housing requirements. On the other hand, dairy farming necessitates the construction of barns or sheds for housing the cows, milking parlors, and storage facilities for milk.

6. Economic viability: Dairy farming tends to be more economically viable compared to pastoral farming. The demand for milk and milk products is usually higher and more consistent, leading to a more stable income for dairy farmers. Pastoral farming, on the other hand, may be more susceptible to market fluctuations and seasonal demand.

In conclusion, pastoral farming and dairy farming differ in their focus, animal types, primary products, animal management practices, infrastructure requirements, and economic viability. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for individuals interested in pursuing either of these agricultural practices.