Soil classification based on the particle size distribution is textural classification. This classification is important in determining the properties and behavior of soils.

Textural Classification

Textural classification is based on the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in the soil. The soil is classified into different textural classes based on the relative percentages of these particles. The textural classes are:

1. Sand: soils with more than 85% sand particles
2. Loamy sand: soils with 70-85% sand particles and 0-15% silt and clay particles
3. Sandy loam: soils with 50-70% sand particles, 0-50% silt particles, and 0-27% clay particles
4. Loam: soils with 27-50% clay particles, 0-50% silt particles, and 0-27% sand particles
5. Silt loam: soils with 80-90% silt particles and 0-27% sand and clay particles
6. Silty clay loam: soils with 50-80% silt particles, 0-50% clay particles, and 0-27% sand particles
7. Clay loam: soils with 27-40% sand particles, 0-50% silt particles, and 40-60% clay particles
8. Sandy clay loam: soils with 20-45% sand particles, 0-20% silt particles, and 35-60% clay particles
9. Silty clay: soils with 0-20% sand particles, 80-90% silt particles, and 10-27% clay particles
10. Sandy clay: soils with 0-20% silt particles, 0-45% sand particles, and 55-100% clay particles
11. Clay: soils with 0-45% sand particles, 0-27% silt particles, and more than 40% clay particles

Importance of Textural Classification

Textural classification is important in determining the properties and behavior of soils. It helps in understanding the:

1. Water-holding capacity of soils
2. Permeability of soils
3. Erosion potential of soils
4. Nutrient-holding capacity of soils
5. Drainage properties of soils
6. Soil structure and stability

Conclusion

Textural classification is an important tool for soil scientists and engineers in understanding the properties and behavior of soils. It helps in selecting appropriate agricultural practices, designing foundations, and managing soil erosion.