Introduction:
During ancient times, the rajas were expected to fulfill various roles and responsibilities in their kingdoms. The term "raja" refers to a king or a ruler, and their duties and expectations varied based on the societal and political structures of the time. In India, the concept of rajas can be traced back to the Vedic period and continued to evolve throughout history.

Political Responsibilities:
1. Administration: The rajas were responsible for the overall administration of their kingdom. They had to establish and maintain a functional administrative system to ensure the smooth functioning of the state.
2. Law and Order: It was the duty of the rajas to maintain law and order within their realms. They had to enforce and interpret laws, settle disputes, and ensure justice prevailed.
3. Defense: Protecting the kingdom from external threats was one of the primary responsibilities of the rajas. They had to maintain a strong military and defend their territories from invasions or attacks.

Social Responsibilities:
1. Welfare of the Subjects: The rajas were expected to ensure the welfare and well-being of their subjects. This involved providing basic amenities, such as food, water, and shelter, to the people of their kingdom.
2. Development of Infrastructure: They were responsible for the development and maintenance of infrastructure, such as roads, irrigation systems, and public buildings.
3. Patronage of the Arts and Sciences: The rajas were expected to be patrons of art, literature, and science. They would often support and encourage scholars, artists, and craftsmen, promoting cultural and intellectual growth.

Economic Responsibilities:
1. Collection of Taxes: The rajas had the responsibility to collect taxes from their subjects. These taxes were essential to fund the administration and development of the kingdom.
2. Economic Development: They were expected to promote trade and commerce within their territories, encouraging economic growth and prosperity.

Religious Responsibilities:
1. Performing Rituals: The rajas were often expected to perform religious rituals and ceremonies on behalf of their subjects. This was seen as a means to maintain the favor of the gods and ensure the well-being of the kingdom.
2. Supporting Religious Institutions: They would provide patronage to religious institutions and support the priests and religious leaders.

Conclusion:
The rajas during ancient times had multifaceted roles and responsibilities. They were not merely rulers but also had to fulfill political, social, economic, and religious duties. Their effectiveness in carrying out these responsibilities often determined the stability and prosperity of their kingdoms.

Kings were expected to work for the betterment of the kingdom and bring social reforms.