During titration of HCl and NH4OH the indicator can be used is/are:a)Methyl orangeb)Phthalein phenolc)Litmusd)Methyl redCorrect answer is option 'A,C,D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

In the titration of HCl (strong acid) and NH4OH (weak base), except phenolphthalein all other indicators given in options are used.phenolphthalein is not used because:
let us suppose the condition in which HCl is taken in titration flask and NH4OH is taken in burette .since as we all know, phenolphthalein itself a weak acid indicator therefore when it added to HCl ,it increase its acidic strength.....so volume of NH4OH used to obtain end point is very high .however all other indicators such as methyl red,methyl orange,litmus ( ph range 5 -8)...are weakly basic in nature ...therefore decrease the acidic strength of hcl...so end point will be obtained easily...( volume of NH4OH taken in burette is enough to take reading)

Answer

Indicator for titration of HCl and NH4OH

During the titration of HCl (hydrochloric acid) and NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide), the indicator can be used to determine the endpoint of the reaction. The indicator is a substance that undergoes a color change at a specific pH value, indicating the completion of the titration.

Indicators for the titration of HCl and NH4OH:

Methyl orange: Methyl orange is a pH indicator that changes color in the pH range of 3.1 to 4.4. It is yellow in acidic solutions (pH < 3.1)='' and='' changes='' to='' red='' in='' basic='' solutions='' (ph='' /> 4.4). In the titration of HCl and NH4OH, methyl orange can be used to detect the endpoint when the solution changes from acidic (yellow) to slightly basic (red).

Litmus: Litmus is a natural pH indicator that turns red in acidic solutions (pH < 7)='' and='' blue='' in='' basic='' solutions='' (ph='' /> 7). Although it does not have a specific pH range like methyl orange, it can still be used as an indicator in the titration of HCl and NH4OH to determine the endpoint when the solution reaches neutrality (pH 7).

Methyl red: Methyl red is another pH indicator that changes color in the pH range of 4.2 to 6.3. It is red in acidic solutions (pH < 4.2)='' and='' changes='' to='' yellow='' in='' basic='' solutions='' (ph='' /> 6.3). In the titration of HCl and NH4OH, methyl red can be used to detect the endpoint when the solution changes from acidic (red) to slightly basic (yellow).

Explanation:

In the titration of HCl and NH4OH, the reaction between the two substances involves the neutralization of acid and base. HCl is a strong acid, while NH4OH is a weak base. The reaction can be represented by the following equation:

HCl + NH4OH → NH4Cl + H2O

During the titration, a solution of HCl is slowly added to a solution of NH4OH until the reaction is complete. The indicator is added to the solution as well. As the acid is added, the pH of the solution decreases, and the indicator will exhibit its characteristic color depending on the pH range it is sensitive to.

When the solution reaches the equivalence point, where all the acid has reacted with the base, the pH of the solution will change, and the indicator will undergo a color change. This color change indicates that the titration is complete, and the endpoint has been reached.

In the case of HCl and NH4OH titration, methyl orange, litmus, and methyl red can be used as indicators. Methyl orange is suitable for detecting the endpoint when the solution becomes slightly basic, litmus can be used to determine neutrality, and methyl red can be used to detect the endpoint when the solution becomes slightly acidic.

By using these

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