Adivasi, also known as Scheduled Tribes, are indigenous communities in India. They are considered to be the earliest inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent and have a distinct cultural, social, and economic identity. Here is some information about Adivasis:

1. Definition and Population:
- Adivasi is a term derived from the Sanskrit word "adi" meaning original or earliest and "vasi" meaning inhabitant.
- As per the Indian Constitution, Scheduled Tribes are those communities who are scheduled in the list prepared by the President of India.
- According to the 2011 Census, there are over 700 different Scheduled Tribes in India, with a population of around 104 million.

2. Distribution:
- Adivasis are spread across various states in India, with significant populations in states like Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.
- They have traditionally inhabited forested regions and hilly areas, maintaining a close connection with nature.

3. Culture and Identity:
- Adivasi communities have distinct cultural traditions, languages, and belief systems.
- They have a deep connection with their land, forests, and natural resources, which form the basis of their livelihoods and cultural practices.
- Adivasis often have communal ownership of land and practice sustainable farming techniques.

4. Marginalization and Challenges:
- Adivasis face various forms of marginalization and discrimination.
- They have historically been subjected to land dispossession, forced displacement, and exploitation by outside forces.
- Lack of access to education, healthcare, and basic amenities has contributed to their socio-economic backwardness.
- Adivasis also face issues related to the violation of their cultural rights, discrimination, and lack of political representation.

5. Government Initiatives:
- The Indian government has implemented various policies and programs to address the issues faced by Adivasis.
- The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, recognizes the rights of Adivasis over forestland and resources.
- The government also provides reservations in government jobs, educational institutions, and elected bodies to promote their representation and upliftment.

In conclusion, Adivasis or Scheduled Tribes are indigenous communities in India with a distinct cultural identity. They have faced historical marginalization and continue to struggle with various socio-economic challenges. Efforts are being made by the government and civil society organizations to address their issues and ensure their inclusion and empowerment.

Adivasi is the collective term for the indigenous peoples of mainland South Asia. ... They comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India and Nepal and a minority group of the Sri Lankan society called Vedda.