Magma Composition:
Magma is a molten rock material found beneath the Earth's surface. It is composed of various elements and minerals. The composition of magma can vary depending on several factors such as the depth at which it is formed, the type of rock that melts to form it, and the presence of gases.

Main Components of Magma:
- Silicon dioxide (SiO2): This is the most abundant component in magma and gives it its viscosity.
- Oxides of aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium: These elements contribute to the overall composition of magma.
- Volatiles: Magma also contains volatile elements such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. These gases play a crucial role in the explosive nature of volcanic eruptions.

Types of Magma:
- Basaltic Magma: This type of magma is rich in iron and magnesium and is associated with oceanic crust. It has a low viscosity and flows easily.
- Andesitic Magma: This type of magma has a medium viscosity and is commonly found in areas where oceanic and continental crust meet.
- Rhyolitic Magma: This type of magma is rich in silica and is associated with continental crust. It has a high viscosity and tends to erupt explosively.

Formation of Magma:
Magma is formed when rocks in the Earth's mantle melt due to high temperatures and pressure. This molten material then rises towards the Earth's surface through volcanic activity.
In conclusion, magma is a complex mixture of various elements and minerals that play a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface through volcanic eruptions. Understanding the composition of magma is essential for studying volcanic activity and predicting potential hazards.

The earth crust is made of many pieces of land known as plate. these plates float over liquid molten rocks which is known as magma.