Cell and its Structure
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all the necessary functions to sustain life. The structure of a cell is highly specialized to perform various functions essential for the survival of the organism.

Types of Cells
- There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Cell Structure
- The basic structure of a cell includes a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material.
- The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell and houses the organelles.
- The genetic material, either DNA or RNA, contains the instructions for the cell's activities.

Organelles
- Organelles are specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions.
- Some of the important organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes.
- The nucleus houses the genetic material and controls the cell's activities.
- Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

Cell Functions
- Cells perform various functions such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and responding to stimuli.
- Each organelle within the cell plays a specific role in carrying out these functions.
- The coordinated activities of all organelles allow the cell to function as a whole and contribute to the overall functioning of the organism.