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A coup d'etat is the unlawful removal of a government by its political adversaries, either by violent or non-violent means, usually resulting in a government that does the very opposite the former was doing or, in some cases, trying to keep the policies the former sought to reverse.
There are two main types of coups: military and civil. Each with subtypes. This is a non-exhaustive classification :
Putsch. A military revolt (with or without civilian unrest) that destabilise and topples the government. Usually led by low-ranking officials and somewhat anarchic.
Military coup. A planned action by the armed forces that quickly does away with the regime.
Self-coup. When the constitutional government abuses its role and obtains unrestricted powers.
White coup. When the power changes hands overnight, among members of the ruling group. It is also called “white coup” when the government is removed under the pretense of legality, but twisting the law in order to do so.
Counter-coup. When the conservative section of the high echelons of the ruling class takes action to prevent the government from implementing a reform, also called so when a coup is performed to prevent another coup from succeeding.
Civil coup. When the government is toppled without military support or pretense of legality. Rare nowadays.
The giveaway of a coup is that the rules (either democracy or the arbitrary rules set by an authoritarian government) are broken.
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what is coup de tat Related: Short Answer Questions Chapter 1 - Democracy in the Contemporary World, Class 9, SST (Civics)
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