Relief (Land and soil) and Climate (Temperature, humidity, photoperiod and precipitation) are the factors which are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India.

Factors responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India:

1. Geographical location and physical features:
India is located in the tropical and subtropical regions, which provides it with a diverse range of climatic conditions. The country is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north, the Arabian Sea in the west, the Bay of Bengal in the east, and the Indian Ocean in the south. The presence of these physical features influences the distribution of plants and animals in different regions of India.

2. Climatic conditions:
India experiences a wide range of climatic conditions, including tropical, subtropical, temperate, and alpine climates. These variations in climate play a significant role in determining the distribution of plants and animals. For example, the Western Ghats and the northeastern states receive heavy rainfall, leading to the growth of dense forests, while the arid regions of Rajasthan have a sparse vegetation cover.

3. Altitude and topography:
The varying altitude and topography of the country contribute to the distribution of plants and animals. The Himalayas are home to a wide variety of flora and fauna due to their high altitude and diverse topography. The plains and plateaus support different types of vegetation and wildlife, depending on the availability of water and soil fertility.

4. Soil types:
India has a wide range of soil types, including alluvial, red, laterite, black, and mountain soils. Different soil types support different types of vegetation. For example, alluvial soil found in the Gangetic plains is highly fertile and supports the growth of crops like paddy, wheat, and sugarcane.

5. Human activities:
Human activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture, have a significant impact on the distribution of plants and animals in India. Deforestation leads to the loss of natural habitats and disrupts the ecological balance, resulting in the decline of several plant and animal species. Urbanization and agriculture also contribute to habitat destruction and fragmentation.

6. Biodiversity hotspots:
India is known for its rich biodiversity and is home to several biodiversity hotspots, including the Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalayas. These hotspots have a high concentration of endemic species found nowhere else in the world. The presence of these hotspots further enhances the distribution of plants and animals in India.

In conclusion, the distribution of plants and animals in India is influenced by various factors, including geographical location, climatic conditions, altitude, topography, soil types, human activities, and the presence of biodiversity hotspots. Understanding these factors is crucial for conservation efforts and maintaining the delicate balance of ecosystems in the country.

What factors are responsible for the distribution of plant and animals in india