The presence of specific features which enables a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitat is called as adaptation

Definition of Adaptation:
Adaptation refers to the process by which living organisms adjust to their environment in order to survive and thrive. It involves the development of traits and behaviors that enable organisms to better suit their surroundings and increase their chances of survival and reproduction.

Types of Adaptation:
There are three main types of adaptation that organisms can undergo:

1. Structural Adaptation: This type of adaptation involves physical changes in the structure or form of an organism's body. These adaptations may include the development of specialized body parts, such as a bird's beak or a fish's gills, which are specifically designed to help an organism perform certain functions and survive in its environment.

2. Behavioral Adaptation: Behavioral adaptations refer to changes in an organism's behavior or actions that help it survive in its environment. For example, nocturnal animals like owls have adapted to be active during the night, enabling them to hunt for prey more effectively. Migration is another example of behavioral adaptation, as many birds travel long distances to find suitable breeding and feeding grounds.

3. Physiological Adaptation: Physiological adaptations involve changes in an organism's internal processes and functions. These adaptations may include adjustments in metabolism, reproduction, or other physiological systems. For instance, desert plants have developed the ability to store water, allowing them to survive in arid conditions.

Examples of Adaptation:
1. The polar bear has a thick layer of blubber and a dense coat of fur, which provides insulation and helps it withstand freezing temperatures in its Arctic habitat.

2. Cacti have adapted to arid environments by developing spines to reduce water loss and storing water in their stems to survive long periods of drought.

3. Camouflage is a common adaptation seen in many animals, such as chameleons and certain insects, which can change their color or patterns to blend in with their surroundings and avoid predators.

4. The long neck of a giraffe is an example of a structural adaptation that allows it to reach leaves on tall trees for food.

Importance of Adaptation:
Adaptation is crucial for the survival and success of organisms in their respective environments. It enables them to obtain food, avoid predators, find mates, and reproduce. Without adaptation, organisms would be ill-suited to their surroundings and would struggle to survive, ultimately leading to their extinction. Through adaptation, organisms are able to exploit their environment and increase their chances of passing on their genes to future generations.