Chapter Notes: Chapter 7 - New Questions and Ideas, Class 6, SST (History)

Jainism: An Introduction
Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that originated in the 6th century BCE. It was founded by Lord Mahavira, who was born in 599 BCE in Bihar, India. Jainism is a spiritual path that emphasizes non-violence, truth, and self-control. It promotes the idea of ahimsa (non-violence) towards all living beings and the belief in karma, the concept that every action has consequences.

Key Concepts of Jainism
1. Ahimsa: Ahimsa is the foundational principle of Jainism. It advocates non-violence towards all living beings, including animals and plants. Jains believe that every living being has a soul and should be treated with respect and compassion.

2. Karma: Jainism teaches that every action, whether physical, verbal, or mental, has consequences. Good actions lead to positive karma, while bad actions result in negative karma. Jains strive to accumulate positive karma through righteous actions and avoid negative karma.

3. Jiva: Jains believe in the existence of the soul, which they call jiva. According to Jain philosophy, the soul is eternal and undergoes cycles of birth and death, known as reincarnation. Liberation from the cycle of birth and death is the ultimate goal of Jains.

4. Tirthankaras: Tirthankaras are spiritual teachers or prophets who have attained enlightenment and shown the path to liberation. Lord Mahavira is considered the last and 24th Tirthankara of Jainism.

5. Three Jewels: Jains follow the three jewels or principles: right belief, right knowledge, and right conduct. Right belief involves having faith in the teachings of the Tirthankaras. Right knowledge refers to understanding the true nature of reality, and right conduct emphasizes leading a moral and ethical life.

Contributions of Jainism
1. Philosophy: Jainism has contributed to the philosophical and ethical development of Indian society. Its emphasis on non-violence and compassion has influenced various aspects of Indian culture.

2. Education: Jainism has played a significant role in promoting education in ancient India. Jain monks and nuns established and maintained schools and libraries, making knowledge accessible to all.

3. Art and Architecture: Jainism has contributed to the rich tradition of Indian art and architecture. Jain temples and sculptures are known for their intricate carvings and exquisite craftsmanship.

4. Social Welfare: Jains have a long history of engaging in charitable activities and social welfare. They believe in the importance of helping others and have established hospitals, schools, and charitable organizations.

5. Environmental Conservation: Jainism promotes environmental conservation and respect for all living beings. Jains practice vegetarianism and advocate for sustainable living to minimize harm to the environment.

Conclusion
Jainism is a religion that emphasizes non-violence, truth, and self-control. Its core principles of ahimsa and karma have had a profound influence on Indian society. Jainism has made significant contributions to philosophy, education, art, social welfare

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