Introduction:
During the Mauryan period, which lasted from 322 BCE to 185 BCE, several cities were established under the rule of Emperor Ashoka. These cities were well-planned and served as centers of administration, trade, and commerce. The population of Mauryan cities was diverse, comprising various social groups and individuals from different walks of life.

Key Points:
1. Royal Officials and Administrators: Mauryan cities were primarily inhabited by royal officials and administrators who were responsible for the governance and management of the empire. They included ministers, council members, and local administrators who oversaw the day-to-day affairs of the cities.

2. Military Personnel: The presence of military personnel was crucial in maintaining law and order and protecting the cities from external threats. Soldiers, generals, and other military personnel lived in the cities and were responsible for the defense of the empire.

3. Merchants and Traders: Mauryan cities were important centers of trade and commerce. Merchants and traders from various parts of the empire and neighboring regions settled in these cities to engage in commercial activities. They played a significant role in facilitating the exchange of goods and services and contributed to the economic prosperity of the cities.

4. Artisans and Craftsmen: Mauryan cities were known for their skilled artisans and craftsmen. These individuals were engaged in various crafts such as pottery, metalwork, weaving, and carpentry. They produced a wide range of goods and commodities that were in high demand within and outside the empire.

5. Common People: The cities were also home to a large number of common people who worked as farmers, laborers, and servants. They lived in small houses or huts and were engaged in agricultural activities or served the needs of the city dwellers.

6. Religious Leaders and Scholars: Mauryan cities were centers of learning and religious activities. Scholars, priests, and religious leaders resided in these cities and played a crucial role in spreading knowledge, interpreting religious texts, and performing religious rituals.

7. Artists and Entertainers: The cities supported a vibrant cultural life with the presence of artists, musicians, dancers, and entertainers. They performed in public spaces, royal courts, and during festivals, adding color and entertainment to the lives of the city dwellers.

Conclusion:
The Mauryan cities were inhabited by a diverse population, including royal officials, military personnel, merchants, artisans, common people, religious leaders, scholars, and artists. Each group contributed to the overall functioning and development of the cities, making them thriving centers of administration, trade, and culture.