Refrigerator follows the principle of clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics. It does not violate second law of thermodynamics because it takes energy to transfer heat from low temperature body to high temperature body. Electrical work is given to refrigerator to extract heat from low temperature body and to transfer it to higher temperature body. If any refrigerator is transferring heat from low temperature body to higher temperature body without any external energy then we can say that it violates second law of thermodynamics.But in actual it takes energy to do.

The correct answer is option 'D', the second law of thermodynamics.

The second law of thermodynamics states that heat naturally flows from a warmer object to a cooler object and that it is impossible to transfer heat from a cooler object to a warmer object without the input of external work. In the case of a refrigerator, the second law of thermodynamics explains how heat is transferred from the cold cooling coils to the warm surroundings.

Explanation:

1. Refrigerator and Heat Transfer:
- A refrigerator works by removing heat from the inside of the fridge and transferring it to the outside environment.
- The cooling process inside the refrigerator is achieved through the evaporation of a refrigerant, which absorbs heat from the interior of the fridge.
- The heat absorbed by the refrigerant is then expelled to the surroundings through the condenser coils at the back or bottom of the refrigerator.

2. Second Law of Thermodynamics:
- The second law of thermodynamics states that heat naturally flows from a hotter object to a colder object.
- In the case of a refrigerator, the second law of thermodynamics explains that heat is transferred from the cold cooling coils to the warm surroundings.

3. Heat Transfer Process in a Refrigerator:
- The refrigerant inside the fridge evaporates at a low pressure and low temperature, absorbing heat from the interior of the fridge, making it cold.
- The low-pressure refrigerant then flows into the compressor, where it is compressed, resulting in an increase in temperature and pressure.
- The high-pressure refrigerant then flows into the condenser coils, which are in contact with the warm surroundings.
- As the hot refrigerant flows through the condenser coils, it transfers heat to the surroundings, thus cooling down itself.
- The refrigerant then returns to its initial low-pressure state and the cycle repeats.

4. Application of the Second Law:
- The second law of thermodynamics ensures that heat flows naturally from the colder cooling coils to the warmer surroundings.
- It ensures that the refrigerator can transfer heat from a colder region (inside the fridge) to a warmer region (surroundings) by following the natural flow of heat.

In conclusion, the second law of thermodynamics favors the process of transferring heat from the cold cooling coils of a refrigerator to the warm surroundings. It ensures that heat flows naturally from a colder object to a warmer object, allowing the refrigerator to cool the inside while expelling heat to the outside.