Difference between Neo Butanol and Tertiary Butanol:

Neo butanol and tertiary butanol are both isomers of butanol, but they differ in their structural arrangements and chemical properties.

1. Structural arrangement:
- Neo butanol: It is a branched-chain alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O. It contains a neo (neopentyl) group, which is a tertiary carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms.
- Tertiary butanol: It is also a branched-chain alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O. It contains a tertiary (3°) carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms.

2. Chemical properties:
- Reactivity: Due to the presence of the neopentyl group, neo butanol is more sterically hindered compared to tertiary butanol. This steric hindrance affects its reactivity in various chemical reactions.
- Oxidation: Neo butanol is less easily oxidized than tertiary butanol due to the steric hindrance around the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group.
- Solubility: Both neo butanol and tertiary butanol are soluble in water to some extent. However, neo butanol is less soluble than tertiary butanol due to its greater hydrophobic nature resulting from the bulky neopentyl group.

Difference between Iso Propanol and Secondary Propanol:

Iso propanol (also known as isopropanol or 2-propanol) and secondary propanol (also known as 2-propanol or isopropyl alcohol) are isomers of propanol, but they differ in their structural arrangements and chemical properties.

1. Structural arrangement:
- Iso propanol: It is a secondary alcohol with the molecular formula C3H8O. It contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a secondary (2°) carbon atom.
- Secondary propanol: It is also a secondary alcohol with the molecular formula C3H8O. It contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a secondary (2°) carbon atom.

2. Chemical properties:
- Reactivity: Both iso propanol and secondary propanol exhibit similar chemical reactivity as they have the same functional group (-OH) attached to a secondary carbon atom.
- Solubility: Both iso propanol and secondary propanol are highly soluble in water due to the presence of the hydroxyl group. They can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, enhancing their solubility.
- Uses: Iso propanol and secondary propanol are commonly used as solvents, disinfectants, and cleaning agents. They are also used in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products.

In conclusion, the main difference between neo butanol and tertiary butanol lies in their structural arrangements and reactivity, while the difference between iso propanol and secondary propanol lies primarily in their nomenclature but they exhibit similar chemical properties and uses.