Problems related to composite fish culture and how to overcome them:

Composite fish culture, also known as integrated fish farming, is a popular method of fish farming that involves the rearing of multiple species of fish in the same pond. While this technique offers several advantages, there are also some challenges that need to be addressed for successful implementation. Here are some of the problems related to composite fish culture and how they can be overcome:

1. Competition for resources:
In composite fish culture, different fish species are reared together, leading to competition for resources such as food, space, and oxygen. This can result in stunted growth and poor overall performance of the fish.

To overcome this problem, it is important to carefully select fish species that have similar feeding habits and resource requirements. This will minimize competition and ensure optimal resource utilization. Additionally, providing adequate aeration and maintaining proper stocking densities can help alleviate resource competition.

2. Disease outbreak:
When multiple fish species are reared together, the risk of disease outbreak increases. Some species may act as carriers or vectors of diseases, which can spread to other species in the pond.

To prevent disease outbreaks, it is crucial to maintain proper pond hygiene and regularly monitor the health of the fish. Quarantine measures should be implemented to ensure that new fish introduced into the pond are disease-free. Vaccination and timely treatment of infected fish can also help control and prevent the spread of diseases.

3. Predation:
Certain fish species, especially predatory ones, may pose a threat to other species in the pond. They can prey on smaller or weaker fish, leading to imbalanced growth and reduced yield.

To mitigate predation, it is important to select compatible fish species that have similar size and behavior. Providing hiding places, such as floating vegetation or artificial shelters, can offer protection to smaller fish. Regular monitoring and removal of predatory species can also help maintain a balanced ecosystem.

4. Water quality management:
Composite fish culture requires proper management of water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia levels. Fluctuations in these parameters can negatively impact fish health and growth.

To ensure optimal water quality, regular monitoring and testing should be conducted. Adequate aeration and water circulation systems should be in place to maintain oxygen levels. Proper feeding practices, along with regular water exchange or treatment, can help control ammonia buildup and maintain a healthy environment for the fish.

In conclusion, while composite fish culture offers numerous benefits, addressing the challenges related to resource competition, disease outbreak, predation, and water quality management is crucial for successful implementation. By adopting appropriate strategies and practices, these problems can be overcome, leading to improved productivity and profitability in composite fish farming.

The problem related to composite fish culture is that the fishes lay eggs in moonsoon only and it had overcome by genetic manpulation by which which lay egg whole year