Needed a Document for management? Related: Management-- A Multidimensional Activity (Overview) - Class 12 Business Studies (BST)

Question

Needed a Document for management?  Related:  Management-- A Multidimensional Activity (Overview) - Class 12 Business Studies (BST)

Answer

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body.

UNCTAD is the part of the

United Nations Secretariat

dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. The organization's goals are to: 'maximize the

trade

,

investment

and development opportunities of

developing countries

and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis'. UNCTAD was established by the

United Nations General Assembly

in 1964 and it reports to the UN General Assembly and

United Nations Economic and Social Council

.^[1]

The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva.

One of the principal achievements of UNCTAD (1964) has been to conceive and implement the

Generalised System of Preferences

(GSP). It was argued in UNCTAD that to promote exports of manufactured goods from developing countries, it would be necessary to offer special tariff concessions to such exports. Accepting this argument, the developed countries formulated the GSP scheme under which manufacturers' exports and import of some agricultural goods from the developing countries enter duty-free or at reduced rates in the developed countries. Since imports of such items from other developed countries are subject to the normal rates of duties, imports of the same items from developing countries would enjoy a competitive advantage.

The creation of UNCTAD in 1964 was based on concerns of developing countries over the international market, multi-national corporations, and great disparity between developed nations and developing nations. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established to provide a forum where the developing countries could discuss the problems relating to their economic development. The organisation grew from the view that existing institutions like

GATT

(now replaced by the

World Trade Organization

, WTO), the

International Monetary Fund

(IMF), and

World Bank

were not properly organized to handle the particular problems of developing countries. Later, in the 1970s and 1980s, UNCTAD was closely associated with the idea of a

New International Economic Order

(NIEO).

The first UNCTAD conference took place in

Geneva

in 1964, the second in New Delhi in 1968, the third in

Santiago

in 1972, fourth in

Nairobi

in 1976, the fifth in

Manila

in 1979, the sixth in

Belgrade

in 1983, the seventh in Geneva in 1987, the eighth in

Cartagena

in 1992, the ninth at

Johannesburg

(South Africa) in 1996, the tenth in

Bangkok

(Thailand) in 2000, the eleventh in

S�o Paulo

(Brazil) in 2004, the twelfth in

Accra

in 2008, the thirteenth in

Doha

(Qatar) in 2012 and the fourteenth in

Nairobi

(Kenya) in 2016.

Currently, UNCTAD has 195 member states and is headquartered in

Geneva

, Switzerland. UNCTAD has 400 staff members and a bi-annual (2010–2011) regular budget of $138 million in core expenditures and $72 million in extra-budgetary technical assistance funds. It is a member of the

United Nations Development Group

.^[2] There are non-governmental organizations participating in the activities of UNCTAD.^[3]

Top Courses for CommerceView all

Chapter Notes for Commerce

Economics Class 12

Economics Class 11

NCERT Books & Solutions for Commerce

Economics for CBSE Class 12 Board Examinations

Top Courses for Commerce

Top Courses for Commerce

Suggested Free Tests

Related Content

Commerce Courses

Other Courses

How To Prepare?

Related Exams

Company