2. Fuels, Colloidal Systems, Alloys | RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material & Tests - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) PDF Download

Propellants

1.

Liquid Propellants

Liquid hydrogen, liquid ammonia, Hydrazine, nitro methane, methyl nitrate,

Hydrogen peroxide.

2.

Solid propellants

Polybutadiene, acrylic acid, nitro-glycerine + nitrocellulose

3.

Hybrid propellants

N₂O₄ + Acrylic rubber.

Types of Colloidal Systems

S

Dispersed Phase

Medium

Name

Example

1.

Solid

Solid

Solid Sol

Some coloured glasses

2.

Solid

Liquid

Sol

Muddy water

3.

Liquid

Solid

Gel

Cheese, butter, jellies

4.

Liquid

Liquid

Emulsion

Milk, Hair Cream

5.

Gas

Solid

Solid Foam

Pumice stone, foam rubber

6.

Gas

Liquid

Foam

Froth, whipped cream

Dyes

1.

Nitro Dyes

Less important as the colours are not fast

2.

Azo Dyes

Azo (-N=N-) group is chromosphere.

3.

Triphenylmethane dye

Malachite green

4.

Direct dyes

Mautius yellow, Naphtha yellow, Congo red etc.

5.

Mordant dyes

Alizarin

6.

Vat dyes

Indigo

The quality of possessing colour is particularly noticeable in compounds containing well defined chemically unsaturated groupings. These groups are known as chromospheres. Auxochromes are chemical radicals having the property of anchoring the desired dye effectively.

Alloys

1.

Brass

Copper (80%) & Zinc (20%)

2.

Bronze

Copper (90%) & Tin (1%)

3.

German Silver

Copper (60%), Zinc (20%) & Nickel (20%)

4.

Duralumin

Aluminium & Copper

5.

Alnico

Aluminium, Nickel, Cobalt & Iron

6.

Magnalium

Aluminium (95%) & Magnesium (5%)

7.

Babbit Metal

Tin, Antimony, Copper & Lead. Used in ball bearings to reduce friction.

8.

Invar

Iron & Nickel. Used in precision instruments

9.

Bell metal

Copper & tin.

10.

Gun Metal

Copper, Tin & Zinc

11.

Monel Metal

Nickel (67%), Copper & Iron.

12.

Pewter

Tin (80-90%), Copper & Lead

13.

Solder

Tin, Lead & Antimony.