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FAQs on Irodov Solutions: Electric Capacitance. Energy of an Electric Field (3.3) - Physics Class 12

1. What is electric capacitance and how is it related to the energy of an electric field?
Ans. Electric capacitance is a measure of how much electric charge can be stored in an object or system for a given electric potential difference. It is defined as the ratio of the electric charge stored to the potential difference across the object or system. The energy of an electric field is directly related to the capacitance of the system. The energy stored in an electric field is given by the formula: E = 1/2C(V^2), where E is the energy, C is the capacitance, and V is the potential difference across the system.
2. How can the capacitance of a capacitor be increased?
Ans. The capacitance of a capacitor can be increased by increasing the surface area of the plates, decreasing the distance between the plates, and by using a material with a higher dielectric constant between the plates. Increasing the surface area of the plates allows for more charge to be stored, while decreasing the distance between the plates increases the electric field strength between them, resulting in a higher capacitance. Using a material with a higher dielectric constant increases the capacitance by reducing the effective separation between the charges on the plates.
3. What is the significance of the energy stored in an electric field?
Ans. The energy stored in an electric field represents the amount of work that can be done by the field when the charges are released. This energy can be used to power electrical devices or perform useful work. For example, in a capacitor, the stored energy can be used to light up a bulb or drive a motor. Additionally, the energy stored in an electric field is important in various electrical applications, such as energy storage systems and power factor correction in AC circuits.
4. How does the energy stored in an electric field vary with the capacitance?
Ans. The energy stored in an electric field is directly proportional to the capacitance. This means that as the capacitance increases, the energy stored in the electric field also increases. Conversely, if the capacitance decreases, the energy stored in the electric field will decrease. This relationship is given by the formula: E = 1/2C(V^2), where E is the energy, C is the capacitance, and V is the potential difference across the system.
5. Can the energy stored in an electric field be negative?
Ans. No, the energy stored in an electric field cannot be negative. The energy stored in an electric field is always positive or zero. A negative energy value would imply that work is being done on the electric field, which is not possible. The energy stored in an electric field represents the potential energy of the system and is always non-negative.
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