Administrative Set up of Odisha | Odisha State PSC (OPSC): Preparation - OPSC OCS (Odisha) PDF Download

 Page 1


CHAPTER18
The Administrative set up of Odisha is in line with Indian Constitution
and portrays the democratic scenery of the state. It consist of all three
organs of governance, the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary.
Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha, and the house of the Vidhan
Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Secretariat.
Odisha Legislature
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral State Legislature of Odisha
state in Eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar.
Legislature comprises the Governor, appointed by the President of India and the
Legislative Assembly.
Historical Background of Odisha Legislative Assembly
l
On 1st April, 1936 Odisha became a separate province by the Government of
British India (Constitution of Odisha) order, 1936. It comprised portions of the
Bihar and Odisha Provinces, Madras Presidency and the Central Provinces.
l
It was an important day in the history of the country because it was the first time a
state had been carved on linguistic lines.
l
The Province of Odisha was placed under the personal Rule of the Governor till
the end of March, 1937.
l
The general elections for the Legislative Assembly of Odisha started from 1952.
l
The state is having Unicameral Legislature i.e. only Legislative Assembly and no
Legislative Council as per Article 169 that empowers the state to have either
Unicameral or Bicameral Legislature.
l
The first pre-Independence Assembly was constituted on 3rd February, 1937 and
the first post-Independence Assembly was constituted on 20th February, 1952.
l
The first pre-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Krushna
Chandra Gajapati.
Page 2


CHAPTER18
The Administrative set up of Odisha is in line with Indian Constitution
and portrays the democratic scenery of the state. It consist of all three
organs of governance, the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary.
Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha, and the house of the Vidhan
Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Secretariat.
Odisha Legislature
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral State Legislature of Odisha
state in Eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar.
Legislature comprises the Governor, appointed by the President of India and the
Legislative Assembly.
Historical Background of Odisha Legislative Assembly
l
On 1st April, 1936 Odisha became a separate province by the Government of
British India (Constitution of Odisha) order, 1936. It comprised portions of the
Bihar and Odisha Provinces, Madras Presidency and the Central Provinces.
l
It was an important day in the history of the country because it was the first time a
state had been carved on linguistic lines.
l
The Province of Odisha was placed under the personal Rule of the Governor till
the end of March, 1937.
l
The general elections for the Legislative Assembly of Odisha started from 1952.
l
The state is having Unicameral Legislature i.e. only Legislative Assembly and no
Legislative Council as per Article 169 that empowers the state to have either
Unicameral or Bicameral Legislature.
l
The first pre-Independence Assembly was constituted on 3rd February, 1937 and
the first post-Independence Assembly was constituted on 20th February, 1952.
l
The first pre-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Krushna
Chandra Gajapati.
l
The first post-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was
Harekrushna Mahatab.
l
The first women Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Nandini Satpathy.
l
The strength of the fifteenth Odisha Legislative Assembly at present is 147
including 12 women legislatures, 35 ST members and 25 SC members.
Role of Legislature
l
The primary duty of the Legislative Assembly is to pass bills, which become laws
only when they get the approval of either the Governor or of the President of
India.
l
Assembly has the power to frame bills on the subjects related to the State List
which are included in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. It also
passes annual budget and financial bills.
Qualification to became a Member of Legislative
Assembly
The qualification to become a member of the State Legislature is largely similar to
the qualification to be the member of Parliament. A person should:
l
be a citizen of India.
l
not be less than 25 years of age.
l
fulfill all such qualifications as are laid down by the law of the Parliament.
190 Know Your State ODISHA
s BUILDINGOFODISHALEGISLATIVEASSEMBLY
Page 3


CHAPTER18
The Administrative set up of Odisha is in line with Indian Constitution
and portrays the democratic scenery of the state. It consist of all three
organs of governance, the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary.
Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha, and the house of the Vidhan
Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Secretariat.
Odisha Legislature
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral State Legislature of Odisha
state in Eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar.
Legislature comprises the Governor, appointed by the President of India and the
Legislative Assembly.
Historical Background of Odisha Legislative Assembly
l
On 1st April, 1936 Odisha became a separate province by the Government of
British India (Constitution of Odisha) order, 1936. It comprised portions of the
Bihar and Odisha Provinces, Madras Presidency and the Central Provinces.
l
It was an important day in the history of the country because it was the first time a
state had been carved on linguistic lines.
l
The Province of Odisha was placed under the personal Rule of the Governor till
the end of March, 1937.
l
The general elections for the Legislative Assembly of Odisha started from 1952.
l
The state is having Unicameral Legislature i.e. only Legislative Assembly and no
Legislative Council as per Article 169 that empowers the state to have either
Unicameral or Bicameral Legislature.
l
The first pre-Independence Assembly was constituted on 3rd February, 1937 and
the first post-Independence Assembly was constituted on 20th February, 1952.
l
The first pre-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Krushna
Chandra Gajapati.
l
The first post-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was
Harekrushna Mahatab.
l
The first women Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Nandini Satpathy.
l
The strength of the fifteenth Odisha Legislative Assembly at present is 147
including 12 women legislatures, 35 ST members and 25 SC members.
Role of Legislature
l
The primary duty of the Legislative Assembly is to pass bills, which become laws
only when they get the approval of either the Governor or of the President of
India.
l
Assembly has the power to frame bills on the subjects related to the State List
which are included in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. It also
passes annual budget and financial bills.
Qualification to became a Member of Legislative
Assembly
The qualification to become a member of the State Legislature is largely similar to
the qualification to be the member of Parliament. A person should:
l
be a citizen of India.
l
not be less than 25 years of age.
l
fulfill all such qualifications as are laid down by the law of the Parliament.
190 Know Your State ODISHA
s BUILDINGOFODISHALEGISLATIVEASSEMBLY
Term of Legislative Assembly
l
The life of the Assembly is 5 years from the date of its first meeting beginning
with the address of the Governor under Article 176 (1).
l
The expiry of the period of 5 years operates as dissolution of the Assembly. After
dissolution, new House is constituted after State Assembly elections.
l
The building of Odisha Legislative Assembly was inaugurated on 12th February
1961 by Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan during the third Legislative Assembly. Biju
Patnaik was the Chief Minister.
Powers of Legislative Assembly
l
Control Over Executive The Legislature exercises supervision and control over the
ministers by putting direct or supplementary questions to them.
l
Legislative Powers The Legislature of each state is empowered to frame laws on all
matters included in the State List and the Concurrent List. But laws made by the
State Legislature on the subject in the Concurrent List, will be null and void in
case they conflict with the laws of the Union on the same subject. Power of the
legislature is that during an emergency, the Parliament of India may make laws on
the State List.
l
Financial Powers According to Article 202, the Legislature of a state also controls
the finances and presents the financial statement. Without the Legislative
sanction, not even a little amount can be spent. The budget is introduced every
year in the State Legislature. The State Legislature may pass, reduce or reject the
demands for grants made in the budget. The Money Bill is presented only in the
Assembly and not in the Council and it should be returned within 14 days by the
Council.
l
Electoral Functions The elected members of the Legislative Assembly constitute a
part of the Electoral College provided for the election of the President of India.
The Legislative Assembly also elects the representatives of the state to the Rajya
Sabha. It also elects its Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly
l
The Speaker presides over all the meetings of the Vidhan Sabha. All speeches are
addressed to the Speaker. All bills passed by the Legislative Assembly are authenticated
by Speaker’s signature before they are sent to the Governor for his assent.
l
The decision of the Speaker is final on deciding whether a Bill is a Money Bill or
not. Discipline in the proceedings of the House is enforced by the Speaker. He
constitutes various committees of the House.
l
The first pre-Independence Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly was
Mukunda Prasad Das.
l
The first post-Independence Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Nanda
Kishore Das.
191 Administrative Set up of Odisha
Page 4


CHAPTER18
The Administrative set up of Odisha is in line with Indian Constitution
and portrays the democratic scenery of the state. It consist of all three
organs of governance, the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary.
Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha, and the house of the Vidhan
Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Secretariat.
Odisha Legislature
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral State Legislature of Odisha
state in Eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar.
Legislature comprises the Governor, appointed by the President of India and the
Legislative Assembly.
Historical Background of Odisha Legislative Assembly
l
On 1st April, 1936 Odisha became a separate province by the Government of
British India (Constitution of Odisha) order, 1936. It comprised portions of the
Bihar and Odisha Provinces, Madras Presidency and the Central Provinces.
l
It was an important day in the history of the country because it was the first time a
state had been carved on linguistic lines.
l
The Province of Odisha was placed under the personal Rule of the Governor till
the end of March, 1937.
l
The general elections for the Legislative Assembly of Odisha started from 1952.
l
The state is having Unicameral Legislature i.e. only Legislative Assembly and no
Legislative Council as per Article 169 that empowers the state to have either
Unicameral or Bicameral Legislature.
l
The first pre-Independence Assembly was constituted on 3rd February, 1937 and
the first post-Independence Assembly was constituted on 20th February, 1952.
l
The first pre-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Krushna
Chandra Gajapati.
l
The first post-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was
Harekrushna Mahatab.
l
The first women Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Nandini Satpathy.
l
The strength of the fifteenth Odisha Legislative Assembly at present is 147
including 12 women legislatures, 35 ST members and 25 SC members.
Role of Legislature
l
The primary duty of the Legislative Assembly is to pass bills, which become laws
only when they get the approval of either the Governor or of the President of
India.
l
Assembly has the power to frame bills on the subjects related to the State List
which are included in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. It also
passes annual budget and financial bills.
Qualification to became a Member of Legislative
Assembly
The qualification to become a member of the State Legislature is largely similar to
the qualification to be the member of Parliament. A person should:
l
be a citizen of India.
l
not be less than 25 years of age.
l
fulfill all such qualifications as are laid down by the law of the Parliament.
190 Know Your State ODISHA
s BUILDINGOFODISHALEGISLATIVEASSEMBLY
Term of Legislative Assembly
l
The life of the Assembly is 5 years from the date of its first meeting beginning
with the address of the Governor under Article 176 (1).
l
The expiry of the period of 5 years operates as dissolution of the Assembly. After
dissolution, new House is constituted after State Assembly elections.
l
The building of Odisha Legislative Assembly was inaugurated on 12th February
1961 by Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan during the third Legislative Assembly. Biju
Patnaik was the Chief Minister.
Powers of Legislative Assembly
l
Control Over Executive The Legislature exercises supervision and control over the
ministers by putting direct or supplementary questions to them.
l
Legislative Powers The Legislature of each state is empowered to frame laws on all
matters included in the State List and the Concurrent List. But laws made by the
State Legislature on the subject in the Concurrent List, will be null and void in
case they conflict with the laws of the Union on the same subject. Power of the
legislature is that during an emergency, the Parliament of India may make laws on
the State List.
l
Financial Powers According to Article 202, the Legislature of a state also controls
the finances and presents the financial statement. Without the Legislative
sanction, not even a little amount can be spent. The budget is introduced every
year in the State Legislature. The State Legislature may pass, reduce or reject the
demands for grants made in the budget. The Money Bill is presented only in the
Assembly and not in the Council and it should be returned within 14 days by the
Council.
l
Electoral Functions The elected members of the Legislative Assembly constitute a
part of the Electoral College provided for the election of the President of India.
The Legislative Assembly also elects the representatives of the state to the Rajya
Sabha. It also elects its Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly
l
The Speaker presides over all the meetings of the Vidhan Sabha. All speeches are
addressed to the Speaker. All bills passed by the Legislative Assembly are authenticated
by Speaker’s signature before they are sent to the Governor for his assent.
l
The decision of the Speaker is final on deciding whether a Bill is a Money Bill or
not. Discipline in the proceedings of the House is enforced by the Speaker. He
constitutes various committees of the House.
l
The first pre-Independence Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly was
Mukunda Prasad Das.
l
The first post-Independence Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Nanda
Kishore Das.
191 Administrative Set up of Odisha
State Political Parties
Odisha Communist Party It is a political party in the Indian state of Odisha. OCP
was formed in the beginning of the 1990s as a splinter group of Communist Party
of India (Marxist). The party is led by Ajeya Rout.
Biju Janata Dal (BJD) It is a state political party of the Indian state of Odisha led
by Naveen Patnaik. Party got its name from the name of former Chief Minister of
Odisha ‘Biju Patnaik’. It was founded on 26th December, 1997.
Kosal Kranti Dal (KKD) It is a regional political outfit of Odisha with particular
focus on Western Odisha which is known for its separatist movement. KKD is
mainly focused on the creation of a separate Kosal state by the bifurcation of
Odisha. As reported by various news agencies KKD was founded in Odisha in 2007.
Odisha Executive
l
The Executive is the part of Government that has sole authority and responsibility
for the daily administration of the state.
l
The Executive branch executes the law. The division of power into separate
branches of the Government is central to the idea of the separation of powers.
l
The Government and Administration in Odisha are controlled on the same lines
as in other states of the country. The Governor is the Chief Executive head of the
state. He is aided and assisted to discharge his functions by a Council of Ministers.
Governor
l
According to Article 153, there shall be a Governor for each state of India.
According to Article 155, Governor of a state shall be appointed by President of
India.
l
The Governor is the nominal head of a state, unlike the Chief Minister, who is the
real head of a state in India.
l
According to an amendment in the Constitution of India brought about in 1956,
the same person can be the Governor of two or more states.
Functions of Governor
l
The functions of the Governor of a state are equivalent to the functions of the
Lieutenant Governor in a Union Territory in India. The Governor enjoys many
different types of powers which are as follows:
—
The Governor is the Executive head of the state and all Executive actions of the
state are taken in his/her name.
—
Appoints all important officials of the state including the Chief Ministers,
Advocate General, Chairman and members of the State Public Service
Commission.
—
Summons or prorogue the House of the State Legislature and dissolves the
Legislative Assembly.
192 Know Your State ODISHA
Page 5


CHAPTER18
The Administrative set up of Odisha is in line with Indian Constitution
and portrays the democratic scenery of the state. It consist of all three
organs of governance, the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary.
Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha, and the house of the Vidhan
Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Secretariat.
Odisha Legislature
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral State Legislature of Odisha
state in Eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar.
Legislature comprises the Governor, appointed by the President of India and the
Legislative Assembly.
Historical Background of Odisha Legislative Assembly
l
On 1st April, 1936 Odisha became a separate province by the Government of
British India (Constitution of Odisha) order, 1936. It comprised portions of the
Bihar and Odisha Provinces, Madras Presidency and the Central Provinces.
l
It was an important day in the history of the country because it was the first time a
state had been carved on linguistic lines.
l
The Province of Odisha was placed under the personal Rule of the Governor till
the end of March, 1937.
l
The general elections for the Legislative Assembly of Odisha started from 1952.
l
The state is having Unicameral Legislature i.e. only Legislative Assembly and no
Legislative Council as per Article 169 that empowers the state to have either
Unicameral or Bicameral Legislature.
l
The first pre-Independence Assembly was constituted on 3rd February, 1937 and
the first post-Independence Assembly was constituted on 20th February, 1952.
l
The first pre-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Krushna
Chandra Gajapati.
l
The first post-Independence Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was
Harekrushna Mahatab.
l
The first women Leader of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Nandini Satpathy.
l
The strength of the fifteenth Odisha Legislative Assembly at present is 147
including 12 women legislatures, 35 ST members and 25 SC members.
Role of Legislature
l
The primary duty of the Legislative Assembly is to pass bills, which become laws
only when they get the approval of either the Governor or of the President of
India.
l
Assembly has the power to frame bills on the subjects related to the State List
which are included in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. It also
passes annual budget and financial bills.
Qualification to became a Member of Legislative
Assembly
The qualification to become a member of the State Legislature is largely similar to
the qualification to be the member of Parliament. A person should:
l
be a citizen of India.
l
not be less than 25 years of age.
l
fulfill all such qualifications as are laid down by the law of the Parliament.
190 Know Your State ODISHA
s BUILDINGOFODISHALEGISLATIVEASSEMBLY
Term of Legislative Assembly
l
The life of the Assembly is 5 years from the date of its first meeting beginning
with the address of the Governor under Article 176 (1).
l
The expiry of the period of 5 years operates as dissolution of the Assembly. After
dissolution, new House is constituted after State Assembly elections.
l
The building of Odisha Legislative Assembly was inaugurated on 12th February
1961 by Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan during the third Legislative Assembly. Biju
Patnaik was the Chief Minister.
Powers of Legislative Assembly
l
Control Over Executive The Legislature exercises supervision and control over the
ministers by putting direct or supplementary questions to them.
l
Legislative Powers The Legislature of each state is empowered to frame laws on all
matters included in the State List and the Concurrent List. But laws made by the
State Legislature on the subject in the Concurrent List, will be null and void in
case they conflict with the laws of the Union on the same subject. Power of the
legislature is that during an emergency, the Parliament of India may make laws on
the State List.
l
Financial Powers According to Article 202, the Legislature of a state also controls
the finances and presents the financial statement. Without the Legislative
sanction, not even a little amount can be spent. The budget is introduced every
year in the State Legislature. The State Legislature may pass, reduce or reject the
demands for grants made in the budget. The Money Bill is presented only in the
Assembly and not in the Council and it should be returned within 14 days by the
Council.
l
Electoral Functions The elected members of the Legislative Assembly constitute a
part of the Electoral College provided for the election of the President of India.
The Legislative Assembly also elects the representatives of the state to the Rajya
Sabha. It also elects its Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly
l
The Speaker presides over all the meetings of the Vidhan Sabha. All speeches are
addressed to the Speaker. All bills passed by the Legislative Assembly are authenticated
by Speaker’s signature before they are sent to the Governor for his assent.
l
The decision of the Speaker is final on deciding whether a Bill is a Money Bill or
not. Discipline in the proceedings of the House is enforced by the Speaker. He
constitutes various committees of the House.
l
The first pre-Independence Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly was
Mukunda Prasad Das.
l
The first post-Independence Speaker of Odisha Legislative Assembly was Nanda
Kishore Das.
191 Administrative Set up of Odisha
State Political Parties
Odisha Communist Party It is a political party in the Indian state of Odisha. OCP
was formed in the beginning of the 1990s as a splinter group of Communist Party
of India (Marxist). The party is led by Ajeya Rout.
Biju Janata Dal (BJD) It is a state political party of the Indian state of Odisha led
by Naveen Patnaik. Party got its name from the name of former Chief Minister of
Odisha ‘Biju Patnaik’. It was founded on 26th December, 1997.
Kosal Kranti Dal (KKD) It is a regional political outfit of Odisha with particular
focus on Western Odisha which is known for its separatist movement. KKD is
mainly focused on the creation of a separate Kosal state by the bifurcation of
Odisha. As reported by various news agencies KKD was founded in Odisha in 2007.
Odisha Executive
l
The Executive is the part of Government that has sole authority and responsibility
for the daily administration of the state.
l
The Executive branch executes the law. The division of power into separate
branches of the Government is central to the idea of the separation of powers.
l
The Government and Administration in Odisha are controlled on the same lines
as in other states of the country. The Governor is the Chief Executive head of the
state. He is aided and assisted to discharge his functions by a Council of Ministers.
Governor
l
According to Article 153, there shall be a Governor for each state of India.
According to Article 155, Governor of a state shall be appointed by President of
India.
l
The Governor is the nominal head of a state, unlike the Chief Minister, who is the
real head of a state in India.
l
According to an amendment in the Constitution of India brought about in 1956,
the same person can be the Governor of two or more states.
Functions of Governor
l
The functions of the Governor of a state are equivalent to the functions of the
Lieutenant Governor in a Union Territory in India. The Governor enjoys many
different types of powers which are as follows:
—
The Governor is the Executive head of the state and all Executive actions of the
state are taken in his/her name.
—
Appoints all important officials of the state including the Chief Ministers,
Advocate General, Chairman and members of the State Public Service
Commission.
—
Summons or prorogue the House of the State Legislature and dissolves the
Legislative Assembly.
192 Know Your State ODISHA
—
Makes law through the ordinances (Article 213) during the recess of the State
Legislature.
—
Becomes the representative of the President, when the Emergency is enforced in
the State, under Article 356 and 365 of the Indian Constitution.
l
The first pre-Independence Governor of Odisha was John Austin Hubback (1936)
and the first post-Independence Governor of Odisha was Kailash Nath Katju 1947.
l
The first Indian Governor of Odisha was Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi (1946).
Chief Minister of Odisha
According to the Indian Constitution, the elected head of the Council of Ministers
in an Indian state is the Chief Minister. In reality, the Governor is guided by the
Chief Minister on the various powers that the Governor exercises. The Chief
Minister is individually responsible to the Governor. The real powers needed in the
Executive dealings of a state, lie with the Chief Minister and the Council of
Ministers. Qualifications of the Chief Minister are as follows:
l
He or she should be a citizen of India.
l
He or she must have completed the age of 25 years.
l
He or she should be a member of the State Legislature. If any person, who is not a
member of the State Legislature, is elected to the office of Chief Minister, then he
or she should become a member of the State Legislative Assembly within a
maximum period of six months.
l
He or she must not hold any office of profit.
l
The Britishers in India appointed Prime Minister for each province. Odisha was
created a province in 1936 and its first Prime Minister was Krushna Chandra
Gajapati Narayan Deo (1/4/1936-19/7/1937). The last Prime Minister of Odisha
in British India was Harekrushna Mahatab who also became the first Chief
Minister of Odisha when India got independence in 1947.
The first woman Chief Minister was Nandini Satpathy. The longest serving Chief
Minister of Odisha is Naveen Patnaik.
List of Chief Ministers of Odisha
Chief Minister From To
Shri Harekrushna Mahatab 23rd April, 1946 12th May, 1950
Shri Nabakrushna Choudhury 12th May, 1950 19th October, 1956
Dr Harekrushna Mahatab 19th October, 1956 25th February, 1961
President‘s rule 25th February, 1961 23rd June, 1961
Shri Biju Patnaik 23rd June, 1961 2nd October, 1963
Shri Biren Mitra 2nd October, 1963 21st February, 1965
Shri Sada Shiva Tripathy 21st February, 1965 8th March, 1967
Shri Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo 8th March, 1967 9th January, 1971
193 Administrative Set up of Odisha