Class 9 History Chapter 4 Assertion and Reason Questions - Forest Society and Colonialism

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q1: Assertion (A): The Forest Act meant severe hardship for villagers across the country.
Reason (R): After the Act, all their everyday practices – cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing – became legal.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (c)
The assertion is true as the Forest Act did create difficulties for villagers by restricting their traditional forest-related activities. However, the reason is incorrect. The Act required permits for such activities rather than making them all legal. This often led to conflicts and hardships for villagers. Hence, the assertion is true, but the reason is false.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q2: Assertion (A): When a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames spreading and burning valuable timber.
Reason (R): Shifting cultivation also made it easier for the government to calculate taxes.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (c)
The assertion is true. Burning forests did indeed pose a risk of flames spreading and damaging valuable timber. However, the reason is incorrect. Shifting cultivation was not introduced to make tax calculations easier for the government. It was a traditional agricultural practice that allowed farmers to cultivate in rotation.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q3: Assertion (A): The Forest Department made new laws and rules to protect the new forests it was planting.
Reason (R): Through these rules, it tried to ensure that the old forests did not vanish completely but were cut more carefully.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
The assertion is true as the Forest Department did establish new laws and regulations to safeguard the forests it was creating. The reason is also correct. The rules were designed to ensure sustainable management, including careful logging of old forests, and the reason accurately explains the purpose of these regulations. Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q4: Assertion (A): After the Forest Act was enacted in 1865, it was amended twice, once in 1878 and then in 1927.
Reason (R): The 1878 Act divided forests into three categories: reserved, protected and village forests.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
The Forest Act of 1865 did undergo amendments in 1878 and 1927. The 1878 amendment classified forests into reserved, protected, and village categories, each with specific purposes. The reason provided correctly explains that the Act was indeed amended in 1878 to introduce these categories. Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q5: Assertion (A): In shifting cultivation, the whole forest was cut and burnt in rotation.
Reason (R): Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains, and the crop is harvested by October-November.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (d)
The assertion is false. Shifting cultivation involves clearing a small patch of forest, burning it, and then cultivating crops. It does not require the entire forest to be cut and burnt. The reason is true as it accurately describes the process of sowing seeds after burning and harvesting the crop by October-November.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q6: Assertion (A): In India, hunting of tigers and other animals had been part of the culture of the court and nobility for centuries.
Reason (R): But under colonial rule the scale of hunting decreased to such an extent that various species became almost extinct.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (c)
The assertion is true as hunting of animals, including tigers, was indeed a cultural practice among the nobility in India for centuries. However, the reason is incorrect. While hunting did contribute to the decline of certain species, the primary cause of their near-extinction was not the reduction in hunting under colonial rule, but rather habitat destruction and other factors.