BPSC Monthly Current Affairs: April 2025 | Monthly Current Affairs BPSC - BPSC (Bihar) PDF Download

Padma Bhushan Awarded to the Former Deputy CM of Bihar

Why in News?

Bihar’s former Deputy Chief Minister, Sushil Kumar Modi, was posthumously awarded the prestigious Padma Bhushan for his exceptional contributions to public life. The honor was conferred by President Droupadi Murmu.
Sushil Kumar Modi was one of the ten distinguished personalities to receive the Padma Bhushan.

Key Points

Contributions of Sushil Kumar Modi:

• Fiscal Management and State Development: As Bihar’s longest-serving Deputy CM and Finance Minister, he played a crucial role in transforming Bihar into a revenue-surplus state. He was known for effective fiscal management and contributing to the state’s development through improved governance.

• Goods and Services Tax (GST): Introduction of GST: He was instrumental in the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. As the Chairman of the Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers (2011-2013), he played a pivotal role in building consensus among states for the rollout of GST, which was a landmark reform in India’s tax structure.

• Political Career and Leadership: With over three decades in politics, he served in both Houses of Parliament and the Bihar Legislative Assembly. He also held leadership roles such as the Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law, and Justice.

• Gender Budget and Women’s Welfare: While serving as Bihar’s Finance Minister, Modi introduced the innovative concept of a gender budget, focusing on the welfare and empowerment of women, ensuring that their issues were addressed in the state’s financial planning.

• Advocacy for Organ Donation: He was a strong advocate for organ donation and founded the ‘Dadhichi Deh Daan Samiti’ campaign in Bihar, which promoted awareness about organ donation and encouraged people to donate their organs.

Padma Awards

• Background: The Padma Awards are announced annually on Republic Day (26th January). Instituted in 1954, it is one of the highest civilian honours of India.

• Objective: To recognise achievements in all fields of activities or disciplines where an element of public service is involved.

• Categories: The Awards are given in three categories: Padma Vibhushan (for exceptional and distinguished service), Padma Bhushan (distinguished service of higher order) and Padma Shri (distinguished service). Padma Vibhushan is highest in the hierarchy of Padma Awards followed by Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.

• Disciplines: The awards are given in various disciplines/ fields of activities like art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, civil service, etc.

• Eligibility: All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for these Awards.

• Selection Process: The Awards are conferred on the recommendations made by the Padma Awards Committee, which is constituted by the Prime Minister every year.

• Awarded by President: The awards are presented by the President of India usually in March/April every year.

National Panchayat Awards 2025

Why in News?

The Prime Minister of India presented the National Panchayat Awards 2025 during an event organized on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day (24th April 2025) at Madhubani, Bihar.

Motipur Panchayat:

• Motipur Panchayat of Bihar has been awarded the National Panchayat Award 2025. The Prime Minister presented this award to Mukhiya Prema Devi.
• As part of this award, an amount of Rs 50 lakh was also awarded to the Panchayat.
• Motipur Panchayat is the only one selected from Bihar for the ‘Climate Action Special Panchayat Award. ’
• Only three panchayats have been selected from across the country in this category.
• This award is given for outstanding contributions to environmental protection, green development, and climate-friendly schemes.

About National Panchayat Awards:

The National Panchayat Awards are designed to encourage top-performing Panchayats that align with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Local Development Goals (LSDGs) set by the Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj. These goals cover various aspects of local governance and development.

The awards have special categories such as:

• Climate Action Special Panchayat Award (CASPA). To promote climate-responsive actions by Panchayats.
• Atma Nirbhar Panchayat Special Award (ANPSA). To encourage self-reliance through increased Own Source Revenue (OSR) by Panchayats.
• Panchayat Kshamta Nirman Sarvottam Sansthan Puraskar (PKNSSP). To honor excellence in capacity building and training of Panchayati Raj representatives and functionaries.

Winners receive trophies, certificates, and cash prizes, with the first-place winner receiving Rs 1 crore, the second-place winner getting Rs 75 lakh, and the third-place winner being awarded Rs 50 lakh.

National Panchayati Raj Day has been celebrated on April 24 since 2010 to mark the enactment of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which granted statutory status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and empowered the State Legislature to make laws regarding local self-government under Article 246 of the Indian Constitution. PRIs were entrusted with rural development tasks to establish democracy at the local level.

Veer Kunwar Singh Vijay Diwas

Why in News?
The Governor and Chief Minister of Bihar paid tribute to Babu Veer Kunwar Singh as part of the program organized on his Vijay Diwas.

About Kunwar Singh:

Veer Kunwar Singh was born in Jagdishpur (present-day Bhojpur district, Bihar) in the year 1777. He belonged to the Ujjainiya clan of Parmar Rajputs of Jagdishpur.

Indian Rebellion of 1857

• He was the main hero of the fight against the British in Bihar.
• He led the in Bihar.
• He was about 80 years old when he was called to take up arms and his health was also poor.
• He was assisted by both his brother, Babu Amar Singh, and his commander, Hare Krishna Singh.
• Some believe this was the real reason behind Kunwar Singh’s initial military success.
• He displayed excellent war skills and troubled the British army for almost a year and remained invincible till the end.
• He was an expert in guerrilla warfare.
• He died on April 26, 1858.

Tribute and Recognition

• A commemorative postage stamp was issued in his honour by the Republic of India on 23 April 1966 for his contribution to India’s independence movement.
• Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara was established in the year 1992 by the Government of Bihar.
• Veer Kunwar Singh Setu, also known as Ara-Chhapra Bridge, was inaugurated in 2017 to connect North and South Bihar.
• In 2018, to commemorate the 160th anniversary of Kunwar Singh’s death, the Bihar government moved a statue of him to Harding Park, which was officially named ‘ Veer Kunwar Singh Azadi Park ’.

Revolt of 1857

• The Revolt of 1857 was the first organized resistance against the British East India Company.
• It started as a mutiny by sepoys in the Company’s army but later involved the general public.
• Vinayak Damodar Savarkar referred to this event as the First War of Independence.
• The rebellion is known by various names, including the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, and the First War of Independence, depending on the perspective of historians.

Bihar’s Inauguration of the First Vande Metro

​Why in News?
On April 24th, the Prime Minister will officially launch Bihar's first Namo Bharat Rapid Rail service, commonly known as the Vande Metro. This service will be the second of its kind in India.

Details of the Inauguration

• The Prime Minister will also initiate the Amrit Bharat Train, which connects Saharsa to Mumbai, along with two other passenger trains. This marks the introduction of the second such service in Bihar.
• About the Vande Metro:
• The Vande Metro train will run from Jayanagar to Patna, passing through key locations such as Samastipur, Barauni, Mokama, and Bakhtiyarpur.
• The first Namo Bharat Rapid Rail service was launched between Ahmedabad and Bhuj in September 2024.
• This train service aims to provide a direct connection from the north-central region of Bihar to the state capital, Patna.

Features of the Vande Metro

• ‘Kavach’ Safety System: The train is equipped with the advanced ‘Kavach’ safety system.
• Engine Configuration: The train features engines at both ends, which reduces turnaround time at stations.
• Route Map Indicator: For the first time in open-line railways, this train includes a route map indicator that provides real-time information about upcoming stations.
• Design and Purpose: The Vande Metro is a modern, indigenous semi-high-speed train designed for short-distance intercity and suburban routes ranging from 100 to 350 kilometers.
• Maximum Speed: The train is capable of reaching a maximum speed of 130 km/h.

Understanding Lightning

What is Lightning?

• Lightning is a powerful electrical event that occurs when there is a buildup of electrical charges within clouds or between clouds and the ground.
• When this electrical energy is discharged, it creates a bright flash of light and causes a rapid expansion of air, resulting in the sound of thunder.

Types of Lightning

• Cloud-to-Ground (CG) Lightning:
  • This type of lightning occurs when electrical charges are transferred from the cloud to the ground.
  • It is particularly dangerous because it involves high voltage and current, which can electrocute people and cause damage.
• How Lightning Strikes the Earth:
  • The Earth, while electrically neutral, is relatively positively charged compared to the middle layer of the cloud.
  • This difference in charge causes about 20-25% of the electrical current to flow from the cloud to the Earth, leading to potential damage to life and property.
  • Lightning is more likely to strike raised objects on the ground, such as trees and buildings.
• Lightning Conductors:
  • A lightning conductor is a device used to protect buildings from lightning strikes.
  • During the construction of a building, a metallic rod taller than the building is installed in the walls. This rod helps to divert the electrical energy from a lightning strike safely into the ground, reducing the risk of damage.
• Lake Maracaibo: The Lightning Capital:
  • Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela experiences the most intense lightning activity on Earth.
  • At the mouth of the Catatumbo River, where it flows into Lake Maracaibo, there are an average of 260 storm days per year.
  • In October, lightning flashes occur at a rate of 28 per minute, a phenomenon known as the Beacon of Maracaibo or the Everlasting Storm.
• Lightning Early Warning System in India:
  • India has one of the five global early warning systems for lightning.
  • This system provides forecasts ranging from five days to as little as three hours before a lightning event, helping to mitigate risks.
• Geographical Distribution of Lightning in India:
  • Highest Frequency: Lightning is most frequent in the northeastern states of India, as well as in West Bengal, Sikkim, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Bihar.
  • Highest Deaths: Despite the high frequency of lightning, the number of lightning-related deaths is highest in central Indian states such as Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.
  • Bihar: Bihar is particularly vulnerable to lightning strikes, with a significant number of deaths reported each year.
• Bihar Economic Survey (2024-25): 
  • In 2023, Bihar reported 275 deaths related to lightning or thunderstorms, highlighting the severity of lightning strikes in the state.

Mahavir Jayanti 2025

Why in News? 

On 10th April 2025, Bihar witnessed the celebration of the 2625th birth anniversary of Lord Mahavir Swami Ji, a prominent figure in Jainism.

About Mahavir Jayanti:

• Mahavir Jayanti holds great significance as one of the most sacred festivals within the Jain community.
• This day commemorates the birth of Lord Mahavira, who is revered as the 24th and last Tirthankara in Jain tradition, succeeding Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara.
• According to Jain texts, Lord Mahavira was born on the 13th day of the Shukla Paksha (waxing phase of the moon) in the Chaitra month.
• In the Gregorian calendar, Mahavir Jayanti is typically celebrated in March or April.
• The celebrations often include a Rath Yatra, a procession featuring the idol of Lord Mahavira.
• Devotees also perform abhishekam, a ceremonial bathing of deities' idols, while reciting sthavanas or Jain prayers.

About Lord Mahavira:

• Lord Mahavir Swami made a profound impact on humanity through his spiritual practices and teachings.
• In his childhood, he was known as Vardhamana, signifying "the one who grows."
• During his twelve years of spiritual practice, he exhibited four exceptional qualities:
• Intense Meditation: His continuous meditation led to deep insights.
• Severe Penance: He underwent extreme physical hardships to purify his soul.
• Tolerance of Pain: Mahavira demonstrated remarkable endurance of pain.
• Best Balance: He maintained inner stability and balance.
• On the tenth day of Vaisakha, a pivotal moment in Mahavira's journey occurred when he added Brahmacharya (celibacy/chastity) to his teachings, emphasizing its importance.

Commemoration of Emperor Ashoka's Birth Anniversary

Why in News?

On the occasion of Emperor Ashoka's birth anniversary, the Governor and Chief Minister of Bihar paid floral tributes at his statue located in the Ashoka Convention Center.

About Emperor Ashoka

• Ashoka Jayanti is celebrated annually on the Ashtami of the Chaitra month, which this year fell on April 5, 2025.
• He was the son of Emperor Bindusara and showed remarkable administrative skills from a young age.
• Bindusara recognized Ashoka's potential and appointed him as the governor of Ujjain (Avanti).

The Kalinga War

• Ashoka's one significant military campaign was the Kalinga War, detailed in his 13th major rock edict.
• This war took place in the eighth year of his reign, around 261 BC.
• The immense destruction and loss of life during this conflict deeply affected Ashoka, leading to a profound transformation in his outlook from a conqueror to a compassionate ruler.
• Consequently, he shifted from the policy of Digvijaya (conquest) to Dhammavijaya (victory through Dhamma).

Ashoka’s Dhamma

• After his conversion to Buddhism, Ashoka initially practiced as a lay worshipper for about two and a half years before joining the Buddhist Sangha and becoming a Bhikshu Gatika, a monk who stays in a monastery for a limited period.
• However, he never fully embraced the monastic life and remained a devoted worshipper.

Definition of Dhamma by Ashoka

• In his second and seventh pillar inscriptions, Ashoka defined Dhamma as encompassing several key principles:
• Non-violence and respect for all living beings.
• Protection of property.
• Service and respect for parents and elders.
• Respect for teachers and elders.
• Kind treatment of servants and slaves.
• Leading a simple life and minimizing expenditure.

Dhammavijaya and Dhamma-Based Governance

• In his edicts, Ashoka regarded Dhammavijaya as the highest form of victory and was the first ruler in history to adopt a Dhamma-based imperial policy.
• To promote Dhamma, he established a new administrative category called Dhammamahamatra, with officers appointed to spread Dhamma principles.
• This initiative began in the 13th year of his reign, around 256 BC.
• Other officials, such as Yukta, Rajukka, and Pradeshik, were also tasked with promoting Dhamma.

Khelo India Games in Bihar

Why in News?

The seventh edition of the Khelo India Youth Games will take place from May 4th to 15th, 2025, across five cities in Bihar: Patna, Rajgir, Gaya, Bhagalpur, and Begusarai.

About the Games

• The Khelo India Youth Games is a national-level sports competition involving multiple disciplines, aimed at school and college students in India.
• The inaugural Khelo India School Games was launched by the Prime Minister in 2018 at the Indira Gandhi Arena in New Delhi.
• In 2019, the name was changed to Khelo India Youth Games.

Khelo India Initiative

• The Khelo India initiative is part of the Government of India’s effort to promote sports culture and identify sporting talent at the grassroots level.
• It aims to nurture and develop young athletes across the country.
• The games are organized in two categories: School students under the age of 17College students under the age of 21
• The sixth edition of the Khelo India Youth Games was held from January 19 to 31, 2024, in four cities of Tamil Nadu: Chennai, Trichy, Madurai, and Coimbatore.

Khelo India App

• In 2019, the Prime Minister launched the Khelo India App to promote sports and fitness among the public.
• The app serves as a platform to keep people informed about sports events and encourages a healthy lifestyle through physical activities and sports.

Kosi Mechi Interstate Link Project

Why in News?

The Union Cabinet approved the inclusion of Kosi Mechi Intra-State Link Project of Bihar under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana-Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (PMKSY-AIBP).

About the Project:

• Kosi river: The Kosi River, often referred to as the "Sorrow of Bihar," originates in the Himalayas and is known for its tendency to change course, causing significant flooding and damage in Bihar. It is formed by the confluence of three main streams: Sun Koshi, Arun Koshi, and Tamur Koshi.
• Mahananda river: The Mahananda River is a trans-boundary river flowing through Nepal and India. It is a tributary of the Ganges River and plays a crucial role in the drainage system of the region.
• Mechi river: The Mechi River is a perennial river that originates in the Mahabharat Range in Nepal and flows through Bihar, eventually joining the Mahananda River in Kishanganj district, India.

Project Details:

• The project aims to divert excess water from the Kosi River basin to the Mahananda River basin in Bihar.
• The Eastern Kosi Main Canal (EKMC) will be reconstructed and extended to the Mechi River as part of this project.
• The EKMC is a crucial component of the joint Kosi Project initiated in 1954 by India and Nepal to address the issues caused by the Kosi River's unpredictable course.

Objectives:

• The primary goal of the Kosi Mechi Interstate Link Project is to enhance irrigation capacity in Bihar significantly.
• It aims to provide additional irrigation facilities to 2,10,516 hectares of land during the Kharif season.
• The project will benefit districts such as Araria, Purnia, Kishanganj, and Katihar in Bihar.

Flood Control:

• In addition to expanding irrigation facilities, the project will also contribute to flood control in the region.
• By better managing water flow and distribution, the project aims to reduce the risk of flooding, which has been a significant issue in Bihar due to the Kosi River's erratic behaviour.

Project Cost and Central Assistance:

• The estimated cost of the Kosi Mechi Interstate Link Project is Rs 6,282.32 crore.
• The central government has sanctioned Rs 3,652.56 crore in assistance to Bihar for the project.
• This funding will support the development and implementation of various components of the project.

Deadline:

• The project is expected to be completed by March 2029.

Prime Minister Agricultural Irrigation Scheme (PMKSY)

• The PMKSY is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2015, aimed at enhancing irrigation facilities across India.
• The funding ratio between the central and state governments is 75:25, with a higher share of 90:10 for northeastern and hilly states.
• The scheme is expected to benefit around 22 lakh farmers, including specific allocations for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe farmers.
• In 2020, the Ministry of Jal Shakti introduced a mobile application for geo-tagging project components under PMKSY to enhance transparency and monitoring.

Components of PMKSY:

• Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP): Launched in 1996, AIBP aims to expedite the implementation of irrigation projects that exceed the resource capabilities of states.
• Har Khet Ko Pani (HKKP): This component focuses on expanding the cultivable area under assured irrigation and improving on-farm water use efficiency to minimize wastage.
• Watershed Development: This component promotes sustainable water conservation practices, including aquifer recharge and the potential reuse of treated municipal water for peri-urban agriculture.

Bodhgaya Temple

Why in News?

The Mahabodhi Mahavihara, also known as the Bodhgaya Temple, is a significant Buddhist site located in Bihar, India. It is where Lord Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment. The temple was originally built in 260 BC and is one of the earliest Buddhist temples made entirely of bricks. The current structure dates back to the 5th or 6th century AD, during the Gupta period. In 2002, the temple was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

• Bodhgaya Temple Act, 1949: The Bodhgaya Temple Act, 1949, established the Bodh Gaya Temple Management Committee (BTMC) to oversee the temple's management. The committee includes members from both the Buddhist and Hindu communities, with the District Magistrate of Gaya serving as the ex-officio Chairman.
• Current Protest: Recently, several Buddhist monks and groups, led by the All India Buddhist Forum (AIBF), have protested against the Bodhgaya Temple Act, 1949. They are demanding the repeal of the Act because they oppose the provision that allows Hindu followers to be members of the BTMC.
• Key Concerns of the Protesters: The protesting Buddhist groups believe that the management of the Bodh Gaya Temple should be solely in the hands of the Buddhist community. They argue that the current provision dilutes Buddhist control over the temple and its management.
• Bodhgaya Temple Management Committee (BTMC): The BTMC was established to manage the Mahabodhi Temple, which holds immense significance in Buddhism as it marks the site of Buddha's enlightenment. The committee's composition, with equal representation from both Buddhist and Hindu communities, has become a point of contention.

Inauguration of Various Schemes in Bihar

Why in News?

On March 30, 2025, the Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation inaugurated and launched several Central and State Government schemes worth over Rs 800 crore in Patna, Bihar, coinciding with International Cooperative Day.

 About the Schemes: 

• Grain Storage Scheme: The foundation stone was laid for the world’s largest foodgrain storage scheme, aiming to develop a storage capacity of 62,500 metric tonnes in twenty-five PACS. The project will cost Rs 83.16 crore.

• Police Building: The foundation stone was laid for the construction of 133 police buildings under the Home Department, with a total cost of Rs 181.14 crore.

• Road Transport and Highways Projects:The foundation stone was laid for three projects under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, totaling Rs 109.16 crore.

• Hostel in Deep Narayan Singh Cooperative Institute: A hostel in Patna, built at a cost of Rs 27.29 crore, was inaugurated.

• Makhana Processing and Marketing Center: A processing and marketing center in Darbhanga district was inaugurated at a cost of Rs 46 lakh under the Integrated Cooperative Development Project.

• Drinking Water Supply Schemes: Five drinking water supply schemes were inaugurated under the Amrit-1 project at a total cost of Rs 421.41 crore by the Urban Housing and Development Department.

Amrit Yojana:

The Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) was launched on June 25, 2015, in 500 selected cities across India, covering about 60% of the urban population. The mission aims to enhance infrastructure and implement improvements in selected urban areas, including water supply, sewerage, drainage, green spaces, non-motorised transport, and capacity building.

Amrit 2.0 Scheme: 

• Launched on October 1, 2021, Amrit 2.0 expands AMRUT 1.0 for a period of 5 years, from the financial year 2021-22 to 2025-26.
• The scheme includes universal coverage of water supply from 500 cities to about 4,900 statutory towns and sewerage/septage management in 500 cities covered in the first phase.
• Amrit 2.0 aims to promote the circular economy of water through the development of the City Water Balance Plan (CWBP) by recycling/reusing treated sewage, reviving water bodies, and water conservation.
• The mission also includes a reform agenda to improve citizens’ ease of living through urban planning and strengthening urban finance.

Xavier University

Why in News?

On March 29, 2025, the Chief Minister of Bihar inaugurated Xavier University, which is spread over 36 acres in Patna, Bihar.

Patna:

• Capital and Size: Patna is the capital and the largest city of Bihar.
• Location: The city is located on the southern banks of the Ganga River.
• Historical Significance: Patna has a rich history and has been a hub for administration, education, tourism, historical heritage, religion, spirituality, and culture.

Demographics (2011 Census):

• Total Population: 58,38,465 (Male: 30,78,512, Female: 27,59,953)
• Population Growth Rate (2001–2011): 23.73%
• Population Density: 1,800 per km²
• Literacy Rate: 70.68% (Male: 78.48%, Female: 61.96%)

Languages:

• Official Language: Hindi
• Other Spoken Languages: English, Urdu, Bengali, Oriya
• Local Dialects: Magahi, Bhojpuri, Maithili

Historical Background:

• Ancient Name: Patna was originally known as Pataliputra or Patalipattana, a name that dates back to before 600 BC.
• Early History: Ajatashatru is believed to have founded Pataliputra, which later evolved into Patna. The name Pataliputra is thought to be a combination of the ancient village Patali and the word "putra," meaning son.
• Greek Reference: In Greek history, the city was referred to as Patalibothra.
• Mauryan Empire: Great rulers like Chandragupta Maurya and Samudragupta ruled from this city. Fa-Hien and Xuanzang, famous travelers from China, visited Patna and wrote about its governance and society. Scholars like Kautilya, who wrote the Arthashastra, also lived here.
• Mughal Era: In 1703 AD, Prince Azim-e-Shan became the governor of Patna and gave the city a modern look, renaming it Azimabad. However, the name Patna remained popular among the public.

Places of Interest in Patna:

• Bihar Museum
• Patna Planetarium
• Japanese Peace Pagoda
• Sanjay Gandhi Botanical Garden
• Lauria Nandangarh
• Golghar
• Ajanta Gandhi Museum
• Jalan Museum

Sepak Takraw World Cup 2025

• Venue and Dates: The Sepak Takraw World Cup 2025 took place from March 20 to March 25, 2025, at the Patliputra Indoor Stadium in Kankarbagh, Patna, Bihar, India. 
• Organizers: The event was organized by the International Sepak Takraw Federation (ISTAF) and hosted by the Indian Sepak Takraw Federation.
• Participation: A total of 20 countries participated in the World Cup, with over 300 players and coaches involved. This edition marked the fifth of the ISTAF World Cup.
• India's Performance. 
  • Medal Tally. India finished fourth in the overall medal tally. 
  • Gold Medal. The Indian Men’s Regu team secured the gold medal by defeating Japan in the final. This was India’s first gold in the Sepak Takraw World Cup. 
• Total Medals. India won a total of seven medals, including: 
  • Silver Medal. Women’s Doubles team. 
  • Bronze Medals. Men’s Doubles Team, Women’s Regu Team, Mixed Quad Team, Women’s Quad Team, Men’s Quad Team.
• Medal Distribution: A total of eight countries won medals in the tournament. Thailand topped the medal list with four medals.
• Sepak TakrawOrigin: Sepak Takraw is a traditional sport from Malaysia, popular in Southeast Asian countries. It combines elements of football and volleyball and is sometimes referred to as kick volleyball in India. 
• Introduction to India. The sport was introduced in India during the 1980s in Nagpur, Maharashtra.
• Sepaktakraw Federation of India: Established in 1982, the federation governs the sport in India and is based in New Delhi. 
• International Sepaktakraw Federation (ISTAF): Founded in 1982 and headquartered in Bangkok, Thailand, ISTAF is the global governing body for sepaktakraw.